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    Stages of Gingival Inflammation

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    visi thiriyan
    This document summarizes the stages of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva associated with oral microorganisms attached to teeth. There are four stages of gingivitis: 1) The initial lesion occurs within 2-4 days and involves vascular changes and leukocyte activation. 2) The early lesion evolves over 4-7 days with erythema developing. 3) The established lesion appears within 14-21 days with predominant plasma and B cells. 4) The advanced lesion extends into the alveolar bone, representing the phase of periodontal breakdown and bone loss. The document outlines the clinical signs and pathological changes that characterize each stage of gingival inflammation

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    Stages of Gingival Inflammation

    Uploaded by

    visi thiriyan
    44 views13 pages
    This document summarizes the stages of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva associated with oral microorganisms attached to teeth. There are four stages of gingivitis: 1) The initial lesion occurs within 2-4 days and involves vascular changes and leukocyte activation. 2) The early lesion evolves over 4-7 days with erythema developing. 3) The established lesion appears within 14-21 days with predominant plasma and B cells. 4) The advanced lesion extends into the alveolar bone, representing the phase of periodontal breakdown and bone loss. The document outlines the clinical signs and pathological changes that characterize each stage of gingival inflammation

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    Four stages of gingival inflammation presentation with gif's

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    This document summarizes the stages of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva associated with oral microorganisms attached to teeth. There are four stages of gingivitis: 1) The initial lesion occurs within 2-4 days and involves vascular changes and leukocyte activation. 2) The early lesion evolves over 4-7 days with erythema developing. 3) The established lesion appears within 14-21 days with predominant plasma and B cells. 4) The advanced lesion extends into the alveolar bone, representing the phase of periodontal breakdown and bone loss. The document outlines the clinical signs and pathological changes that characterize each stage of gingival inflammation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views13 pages

    Stages of Gingival Inflammation

    Uploaded by

    visi thiriyan
    This document summarizes the stages of gingivitis. It begins by defining gingivitis as inflammation of the gingiva associated with oral microorganisms attached to teeth. There are four stages of gingivitis: 1) The initial lesion occurs within 2-4 days and involves vascular changes and leukocyte activation. 2) The early lesion evolves over 4-7 days with erythema developing. 3) The established lesion appears within 14-21 days with predominant plasma and B cells. 4) The advanced lesion extends into the alveolar bone, representing the phase of periodontal breakdown and bone loss. The document outlines the clinical signs and pathological changes that characterize each stage of gingival inflammation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Gingivitis

    Dr G. Visithiriyan
    2nd Year MDS
    Introduction
     Inflammation - local response of living tissues to injury due to any agent

     Defense reaction of the body

     Infective agent, Immunological, Physical, Chemical


    Signs of Inflammation :
    RUBOR(redness),TUMOR(swelling),CALOR(heat),DOLOR(pain) and LOSS OF
    FUNCTION
    Events in Inflammation

    VASCULAR CELLULA PHAGOCYTOSI


    CHEMOTAXIS
    EVENT R EVENT S
    GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION
     Inflammation of the gingiva is termed as GINGIVITIS.

     It is associated with the presence of oral micro-organisms attached to the tooth and
    perhaps in or near the gingival sulcus.
     These micro-organisms are capable of synthesizing products (COLLAGENASE,
    HYALURONIDASE, PROTEASE, CHON DROITIN SULFATASE,
    ENDOTOXIN)damage to epithelial and connective tissue cells, as well as to
    intercellular constituents such as collagen, ground substance and glycocalyx.

     Widening of the spaces between the junctional epithelial cells by bacteria


    themselves or their toxins to gain access to the connective tissue.
    STAGES OF GINGIVITIS
     STAGE I : THE INITIAL LESION

     STAGE II : THE EARLY LESION

     STAGE III : THE ESTABLISHED LESION

     STAGE IV : THE ADVANCED LESION


    STAGE I : THE INITIAL LESION ( 2-4 DAYS )

     Vascular changes - Dilated capillaries and increased blood flow

     Initial inflammatory changes due to microbial activation of resident leukocytes


    (presence of PMNs) and stimulation of endothelial cells.

     Loss of perivascular collagen

     Increase in the flow of gingival fluid into the sulcus


    STAGE II : THE EARLY LESION ( 4-7 DAYS )

     Evolves from initial lesion after the beginning


    of plaque accumulation

     Clinical signs : ERYTHEMA [proliferation of


    capillaries and increased formation of capillary
    loops between rete pegs].

     Increase in gingival fluid flow and number of


    trans migrating lymphocytes[ 75% of T lymphocytes]

     Amount of collagen destruction increases ( MMP-2, MMP-9 ) and Fibroblasts


    show decreased capacity for collagen
    STAGE III : THE ESTABLISHED LESION ( 14-21 DAYS )

     Predominance of plasma cells and B lymphocyte


    ( Ig G1, Ig G3 )

     Impaired venous return results ‘gingival anoxemia’

     Moderate to severe inflamed gingiva

     Increased collagenolytic activity

     Elevated levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome


    oxidase,beta-glucuronidase,etc
    STAGE IV : THE ADVANCED LESION

     Extension of the lesion into the alveolar bone.

     Phase of periodontal breakdown[bone loss].

     All types of inflammatory cells.

     More plaque accumulation, higher IL1beta


    and lower IL-8 concentration at 28 days.

     Gingivitis progresses to periodontitis in individuals who are susceptible


    Conclusion
    Thank You …

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