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    Four Conic Sections: Cone Intersecting A Plane

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    Wendell Reyes
    This document discusses the four conic sections - parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles - formed by intersecting a plane with a cone. It provides definitions and key properties of each type of conic section, including their equations in standard form and how to identify their components like foci, vertices, axes and asymptotes. Examples of each with accompanying problems are presented to illustrate how to find equations, graph the shapes, and identify conic sections from equations.

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    Four Conic Sections: Cone Intersecting A Plane

    Uploaded by

    Wendell Reyes
    100 views20 pages
    This document discusses the four conic sections - parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles - formed by intersecting a plane with a cone. It provides definitions and key properties of each type of conic section, including their equations in standard form and how to identify their components like foci, vertices, axes and asymptotes. Examples of each with accompanying problems are presented to illustrate how to find equations, graph the shapes, and identify conic sections from equations.

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    1.Conics

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    This document discusses the four conic sections - parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles - formed by intersecting a plane with a cone. It provides definitions and key properties of each type of conic section, including their equations in standard form and how to identify their components like foci, vertices, axes and asymptotes. Examples of each with accompanying problems are presented to illustrate how to find equations, graph the shapes, and identify conic sections from equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    100 views20 pages

    Four Conic Sections: Cone Intersecting A Plane

    Uploaded by

    Wendell Reyes
    This document discusses the four conic sections - parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles - formed by intersecting a plane with a cone. It provides definitions and key properties of each type of conic section, including their equations in standard form and how to identify their components like foci, vertices, axes and asymptotes. Examples of each with accompanying problems are presented to illustrate how to find equations, graph the shapes, and identify conic sections from equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Four conic sections

    Cone intersecting
    a plane • Hyperbolas
    • Ellipses
    • Parabolas
    • Circles (studied in
    previous chapter)
    Definiton of a parabola
    • A parabola is the set of all points in the plane
    that are equidistant from a fixed line
    (directrix) and a fixed point (focus) not on the
    line.
    • Graph a parabola using this interactive web
    site.
    • See notes on parabolas.
    Vertical axis of symmetry
    If x2 = 4 p y the parabola opens
    UP if p > 0
    DOWN if p < 0
    Vertex is at (0, 0)
    Focus is at (0, p)
    Directrix is y = - p
    axis of symmetry is x = 0
     
     
     
    Translated (vertical axis)
    (x – h )2 = 4p (y - k)

    Vertex (h, k)
    Focus (h, k+p)
    Directrix y = k - p
    axis of symmetry x = h
    Horizontal Axis of Symmetry
    If y2 = 4 p x the parabola opens
    RIGHT if p > 0
    LEFT if p < 0
    Vertex is at (0, 0)
    Focus is at (p, 0)
    Directrix is x = - p
    axis of symmetry is y = 0
    Translated (horizontal axis)
    (y – k) 2 = 4 p (x – h)

    Vertex (h, k)
    Focus (h + p, k)
    Directrix x = h – p
    axis of symmetry y = k
    Problems - Parabolas
    • Find the focus, vertex and directrix:
    3x + 2y2 + 8y – 4 = 0

    • Find the equation in standard form of a parabola


    with directrix x = -1 and focus (3, 2).

    • Find the equation in standard form of a parabola


    with vertex at the origin and focus (5, 0).
    Ellipses
    • Conic section formed when the plane
    intersects the axis of the cone at angle not 90
    degrees.
    • Definition – set of all points in the plane, the
    sum of whose distances from two fixed points
    (foci) is a positive constant.
    • Graph an ellipse using this interactive web
    site.
    Ellipse center (0, 0)
    • Major axis - longer axis contains foci
    • Minor axis - shorter axis
    • Semi-axis - ½ the length of axis
    • Center - midpoint of major axis
    • Vertices - endpoints of the major axis
    • Foci - two given points on the major axis

    Focus Center Focus


    Equation of Ellipse

    2 2
    x y
    •
    2
     2
     1 a>b
    a b
    • see notes on ellipses
    Problems

    • Graph 4x 2 + 9y2 = 4

    • Find the vertices and foci of an ellipse:


    sketch the graph
    4x2 + 9y2 – 8x + 36y + 4 = 0
    put in standard form
    find center, vertices, and foci
    Write the equation of the ellipse
    • Given the center is at (4, -2) the foci are (4,
    1) and (4, -5) and the length of the minor axis
    is 10.
    Notes on ellipses
    • Whispering gallery
    • Surgery ultrasound - elliptical reflector
    • Eccentricity of an ellipse
    e = c/a
    when e  0 ellipse is more circular
    when e  1 ellipse is long and thin
    Hyperbolas
    • Definition: set of all points in a plane, the
    difference between whose distances from two
    fixed points (foci) is a positive constant.

    • Differs from an Ellipse whose sum of the


    distances was a constant.
    Parts of hyperbola
    • Transverse axis (look for the positive sign)
    • Conjugate axis
    • Vertices
    • Foci (will be on the transverse axis)
    • Center
    • Asymptotes
    Graph a hyperbola
    • see notes on hyperbolas

    2 2
    • Graph y x
     1
    25 36

    • Graph
     x  6 2   y  3 2 1
    25 144
    Put into standard form
    • 9y2 – 25x2 = 225
    • 4x2 –25y2 +16x +50y –109 = 0
    Write the equation of hyperbola
    • Vertices (0, 2) and (0, -2)
    Foci (0, 3) and (0, -3)

    • Vertices (-1, 5) and (-1, -1)


    Foci (-1, 7) and (-1, 3)

    More Problems
    Notes for hyperbola
    • Eccentricity e = c/a since c > a , e >1
    • As the eccentricity gets larger the graph
    becomes wider and wider
    • Hyperbolic curves used in navigation to locate
    ships etc. Use LORAN (Long Range Navigation
    (using system of transmitters)
    Identify the graphs
    • 4x2 + 9y2-16x - 36y -16 = 0
    • 2x2 +3y - 8x + 2 =0
    • 5x - 4y2 - 24 -11=0
    • 9x2 - 25y2 - 18x +50y = 0
    • 2x2 + 2y2 = 10
    • (x+1)2 + (y- 4) 2 = (x + 3)2

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