Non-Communicable Diseases - Lifestyle Related Diseases: Wilma N. Beralde, RM, RN, Man
Non-Communicable Diseases - Lifestyle Related Diseases: Wilma N. Beralde, RM, RN, Man
Non-Communicable Diseases - Lifestyle Related Diseases: Wilma N. Beralde, RM, RN, Man
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
– LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
NCD
Diabetes
Mellitus
Cardio
vascular Lifestyle
Diseases
Related
Diseases
Chronic
Respirator
y Diseases
Accidents
& Injuries
4 MAJOR NCDs IN THE PHILIPPINES
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
• CANCERS
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASES
• DIABETES MELLITUS
Epidemiology of the Major NCDs
Diet/Nutrition
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Alcohol
Raised blood
pressure
Raised blood sugar
Abnormal blood
lipids
ACCIDENTS &
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES INJURIES
Cardiovascular Disease
●
describes a range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels and includes:
Myocardial
Congestive
Coronary
Congenital
Myocardial
Congestive
Coronary
Congenital
Artery
Heart
Heart
Artery
Heart
Disease
Disease
Failure
Infarction
HeartDisease
Disease
Failure
Infarction
H
y
p
e
rt
e
n
si
o
n
Arrhythmia
Stroke
Arrhythmia
Stroke
s
s
o
t
h
e
rs
.
Description of Major NCDs
Cardiovascular
–
diseases and their risk factors
Coronary artery diseases
• increased total cholesterol, high LDL,
low HDL, smoking,
obesity/overweight, physical
– Hypertension inactivity, diabetes
• Family history, age, high salt intake,
obesity, excess alcohol intake
– Cerebrovascular diseases • Age, sex, heredity, hypertension,
smoking, diabetes, heart disease, high
(stroke)
RBC, excessive alcohol intake, drug
abuse
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
Risk ACCIDENTS &
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE
Factors DIABETES INJURIES
Geneticall
y
inherited
High Blood
Sugar & Smoking
Cholesterol
Physical Unhealthy
Inactivity Diet (salts
& Obesity & fats)
HYPERTENSION
An increase in blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg in two (2) or
more separate occasions.
One of the leading causes of disability among Filipinos due to
stroke.
BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC BP DIASTOLIC BP
CLASSIFICATION
PREVENTION
Regular exercise and eating”heart healthy” diet
Excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking also
increases the likelihood of hypertension
HYPERTENSION
USUAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
NOT ALL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS HAVE SYMPTOMS….
Headache
Dizziness
Blurring of visions
Nape/ neck discomfort
EARLY DETECTION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR PREVENTING
FURTHER COMPLICATIONS……
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Chronic, undiagnosed and untreated hypertension may
result to:
Heart attack stroke kidney failure loss of vision
Lifestyle modification to prevent and manage
hypertension
LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATION APPROXIMATE SYSTOLIC
MODIFICATION BP REDUCTION
Weight reduction Maintain normal body weight 5-20 mmHg
Adopt DASH eating Consume a diet rich in fruits, 8-14 mmHg
plan (dietary vegetables, and low fat dairy
Approach to stop products
hypertension)
DM
produce insulin
and usually sets activity of the
in among the insulin produced
young Risk Factors which results in
population for DM Type 2 increased blood
groups sugar level and
Obesity (single
usually sets in
most important) among the older
age groups
Lack of physical
activity Smoking
Diets high in trans-
fatty acids, saturated
fatty acids &
Description of Major NCDs
Physical
inactivity & Smoking
Obesity
Excessive
Unhealth
Alcohol
y diets consumption
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Gently squeeze each nipple While standing, raise one arm. Use
and look for discharge finger pads to check the breast and
surrounding area – firmly, carefully and
thoroughly.
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Breast Self- Examination
Lines
Wedges Circles
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Lie flat on your back, with one arm over your head and a
pillow or folded towel under the shoulder. This position
flattens the breast and makes it easier to check.
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Changes in the breast that should be noted and reported to a
physician
• Any lump or hard knot • Dimpling, skin irritation, or
found in the breast or other change in the breast
armpit skin or nipple
• Any lump or thickening of • Redness or scaliness of the
the tissue that does not nipple or breast skin
shrink or lessen aftr her • Discharge from the nipple
next period (fluid coming from the
• Any change in the size, nipples other than breast
shape, or symmetry of her milk), particularly if the
breast discharge is clear and
• A thickening or swelling of sticky, dark or occurs
the breast without squeezing the
• Any dimpling, puckering, or nipple
indention in the breast • Nipple tenderness or pain
Description of Major NCDs
COPD and Asthma and their risk factors
– COPD • Smoking
• Genetic predisposition,
allergens, smoking, air
– Asthma pollution, respiratory
infections
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
ACCIDENTS &
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES INJURIES
environmental Tobacco
pollutants Smoking
(Allergens and (single most
Noxious fumes) important)
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
ACCIDENTS &
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES INJURIES