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    Sistem Ventrikel Dan LCS

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    samiratumanan
    The ventricular system consists of four fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles extend into the frontal and temporal lobes and connect to the third ventricle, which connects to the fourth ventricle. CSF circulates from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord before being reabsorbed. Increased CSF pressure can cause optic nerve damage and hydrocephalus. CSF leakage can cause symptoms like headache and nausea.

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    Sistem Ventrikel Dan LCS

    Uploaded by

    samiratumanan
    22 views22 pages
    The ventricular system consists of four fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles extend into the frontal and temporal lobes and connect to the third ventricle, which connects to the fourth ventricle. CSF circulates from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord before being reabsorbed. Increased CSF pressure can cause optic nerve damage and hydrocephalus. CSF leakage can cause symptoms like headache and nausea.

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    The ventricular system consists of four fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles extend into the frontal and temporal lobes and connect to the third ventricle, which connects to the fourth ventricle. CSF circulates from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord before being reabsorbed. Increased CSF pressure can cause optic nerve damage and hydrocephalus. CSF leakage can cause symptoms like headache and nausea.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views22 pages

    Sistem Ventrikel Dan LCS

    Uploaded by

    samiratumanan
    The ventricular system consists of four fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles extend into the frontal and temporal lobes and connect to the third ventricle, which connects to the fourth ventricle. CSF circulates from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord before being reabsorbed. Increased CSF pressure can cause optic nerve damage and hydrocephalus. CSF leakage can cause symptoms like headache and nausea.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Ventricular System and

    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    Samuel P Ratumanan
    Sub Topic
     Ventricular System

     Subarachnoid Space

     Cerebrospinal Fluid

     Blood Brain & Blood Cerebrospinal Barrier

     Clinical Corellation
    Ventricular System
     The ventricles are four fluid-filled cavities
    located within the brain.
     Consist two lateral ventricles, the third
    ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.
     The fourth ventricle  central canal of the
    spinal cord
     The ventricles are lined throughout with
    ependyma & filled with CSF.
     Developmentally from the cavity of the
    neural tube.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Lateral Ventricle
     The ventricle is a roughly C-shaped cavity
     The lateral ventricle ↔ third ventricle by
    interventricular foramen.
     This opening, which lies in the anterior part of
    the medial wall of the ventricle, is bounded
    anteriorly by the anterior column of the fornix
    and posteriorly by the anterior end of the
    thalamus.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Lateral Ventricle
     The body of the lateral ventricle extends from the
    interventricular foramen The body of the lateral
    ventricle has a roof, a floor, and a medial wall
    • Roof  undersurface of the corpus callosum.
    • floor  body of the caudate nucleus and the
    lateral margin of the thalamus.
    • medial wall  the septum pellucidum
     The choroid plexus of the ventricle  ventricle
    through the slitlike gap between the body of the fornix
    and the superior surface of the thalamus.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Lateral Ventricle
     The anterior horn of the lateral ventricle extends
    forward into the frontal lobe
     The anterior horn has a roof, a floor, and a medial wall.
    • The roof  undersurface of corpus callosum &
    genu
    • The floor  head of the caudate nucleus & small
    portion superior surface of the rostrum
    • medial wall septum pellucidum and the anterior
    column of the fornix.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Lateral Ventricle
     The posterior horn of the lateral ventricle extends
    posteriorly into the occipital lobe
     The roof and lateral wall are formed by the fibers of
    the tapetum of the corpus callosum
     The medial wall of the posterior horn has two
    elevations, called the forceps major and calcar avis.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Lateral Ventricle
     The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle extends
    anteriorly into the temporal lobe.
     The inferior horn has a roof and a floor
    • The roof  inferior surface of the tapetum of the
    corpus callosum & tail of the caudate nucleus.
    • The floor  laterally by the collateral eminence,
    produced by the collateral fissure, and medially by
    the hippocampus.

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Third Ventricle
     slitlike cleft between the two thalami.
     communicates anteriorly with the lateral ventricles
    through the interventricular foramina (of Monro)
    posteriorly with the fourth ventricle through the
    cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
     Lateral wall  The medial surface of the thalamus

    1. Snell
    Ventricular System
    Fourth Ventricle
     The fourth ventricle is a tent-shaped cavity
     it is situated anterior to the cerebellum and posterior
    to the pons and the superior half of the medulla
    oblongata
     It is lined with ependyma
     The fourth ventricle possesses lateral boundaries, a
    roof, and a rhomboid-shaped floor.
     Boundary :
    • Lateral  by the inferior cerebellar peduncle &
    superior cerebellar peduncle.
    • Roof  by 2 superior cerebellar peduncles and
    inferior medullary velum

    1. Snell
    Subarachnoid Space
     The subarachnoid space is the interval between the
    arachnoid mater and pia mater
     filled with CSF and contains the large blood vessels of
    the
     Inferiorly, the subarachnoid space extends beyond
    the lower end of the spinal cord and invests the cauda
    equina
     The subarachnoid space ends below at the level of the
    interval between the second and third sacral
    vertebrae..

    1. Snell
    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    1. Snell
    Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Plexus Choroideus Circulating

    1. Snell
    Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Absorbtion

    1. Snell
    Cerebrospinal Fluid
    Subarachnoid space extension

    1. Snell
    BBB & BCSB
     BBB permeability is inversely related to the size of the molecules and directly related to their lipid solubility.
     Gases and water pass readily through the barrier, whereas glucose and electrolytes pass more slowly.
     The barrier is almost impermeable to plasma proteins and other large organic molecules.
     Compounds with molecular weights of about 60,000 and higher remain within the blood circulatory
    system.

    S
    T
    R
    U
    BBB C
    T
    U
    R
    E

    1. Snell
    BBB & BCSB
    BBB Structure

    1. Snell
    BBB & BCSB
    BCSF Structure
    BBB & BCSB
    BCSF Structure
    Clinical Corelations
    Optic Nerve & Papilledema
     The optic nerves are surrounded by sheaths derived from the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura
    mater.
     ↑ CSF pressure caused by an intracranial tumor will compress  retinal vein  congestion of the
    retinal vein, bulging forward of the optic disc, and edema of the disc (papilledema)

    Hydrocephalus
     abnormal increase in CSF volume within the skull.
     hydrocephalus with ↑ CSF pressure (1) abnormal increase in CSF formation, (2) blockage of CSF
    circulation, or (3) diminished CSF absorption.
     Rarely, normal CSF pressure  exhibit compensatory hypoplasia or atrophy of the brain substance.
     Two varieties of hydrocephalus  noncommunicating and communicating
    Clinical Corelations
    CSF LEAKAGE
     CSF leakage from the subarachnoideal cavity can occur after medical treatment on and around the
    encephalon, spinal cord, and meninges.
     These medical procedures include surgery to the lumbar vertebrae, injection of the epidurale, and CSF
    aspiration.
     The clinical consequences of this include dizziness, nausea, fatigue and a metallic taste in the mouth.
    Other effects also include facial nerve weakness and double vision.

    Meningitis
     infection that rarely occurs in leptomeninges via the blood route, direct spread (eg injury) or from the
    nasal cavity through the lamina cribrosa on the ethmoidale bone.
     Patients may experience mild headaches, fever, drowsiness and nausea. As the infection develops,
    photophobia &Kernig's sign(+)
    Reference

    Splittgerber R. Snell’s Clinical Neuroanatomy. Eighth Edition. Philadelphia; Wolters


    Kluwer: 2019.P.436-463
    Drake RL, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM. Dasar-Dasar Anatomi GRAY. 1st Edition.
    Singapore; Elsevier Inc: 2014. P.440-1

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