There are four main types of tissues in the body - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines hollow organs. It is made of tightly packed cells that form protective sheets. Connective tissue provides structure and binds organs together. It contains non-living fibers. Muscle tissue allows for movement and is made of striated or non-striated cells. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body and is composed of neurons that transmit electrochemical signals. Most organs contain all four types of tissues to carry out their functions.
There are four main types of tissues in the body - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines hollow organs. It is made of tightly packed cells that form protective sheets. Connective tissue provides structure and binds organs together. It contains non-living fibers. Muscle tissue allows for movement and is made of striated or non-striated cells. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body and is composed of neurons that transmit electrochemical signals. Most organs contain all four types of tissues to carry out their functions.
There are four main types of tissues in the body - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines hollow organs. It is made of tightly packed cells that form protective sheets. Connective tissue provides structure and binds organs together. It contains non-living fibers. Muscle tissue allows for movement and is made of striated or non-striated cells. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body and is composed of neurons that transmit electrochemical signals. Most organs contain all four types of tissues to carry out their functions.
There are four main types of tissues in the body - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines hollow organs. It is made of tightly packed cells that form protective sheets. Connective tissue provides structure and binds organs together. It contains non-living fibers. Muscle tissue allows for movement and is made of striated or non-striated cells. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body and is composed of neurons that transmit electrochemical signals. Most organs contain all four types of tissues to carry out their functions.
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Animal Tissues
CLASS IX Cells and Tissues Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function – protection, absorption, secretion, movement, electrical impulses, etc. Tissues • Four types of tissue – Epithelial = covering – Connective = support – Muscle = movement – Nervous = control • Most organs contain all 4 types • Connective tissue has non-living extra- cellular material (matrix) between its cells Tissues • Epithelial – Covers body surfaces – Lines body cavities – Lines hollow organs – Ducts – Forms glands Tissues • Connective – Protection and support – Binds organs together – Stores energy – bone marrow – Immunity Tissues • Muscle – Movement Tissues • Nerve – Detects change – Nerve impulses – Homeostasis Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue • Tightly packed cells • Cell Junctions – form continuous sheets held together by cell junctions. – Tight junctions – Nothing passes through • Surfaces – apical, lateral and basal Apical surface
Basal surface
Basal lamina
40 m Polarity of epithelia Epithelial Tissues Found in different areas Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissue Functions Protection – Skin, lining of internal organs Absorption – intestines Filtration – Kidney Secretion – Hormones, mucus, sweat, etc. 1. Epithelial Tissue Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified Cuboidal Simple columnar Simple squamous columnar epithelium epithelium epithelium epithelium Epithelial Tissues Two types: 1. Covering and lining epithelium • Outer covering of skin, and internal organs • Body cavities • Blood vessels and ducts • Interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive organs • Parts of sense organs 2. Glandular epithelium • Secreting portion of glands Epithelium Characteristics
Cells fit closely together
Tissue layer always has one exposed surface (Apical surface) The lower surface (basal surface) is bound by a basement membrane – Fibers The side surface (lateral surface) is bound to other epithelial cells. Avascular (have no blood supply) Nerve supply Regenerate easily if well nourished Classification of Epithelium Number of cell layers Simple – one layer: diffusion (lungs), osmosis, filtration (kidneys), secretion (glands), absorption (intestines) Stratified – more than one layer: protection, secretion Figure 3.16a Classification of Epithelium Shape of cells Squamous – flattened Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – column-like Cilia 1. Nonciliated – absorptive cells (microvilli) and goblet cells (secrete mucus) 2. Ciliated – to move substances (Ex. Ovaries) Figure 3.16b Simple Epithelia Typ e Cel l shap e Exa mp le Squa m ou s Squa sh e d En dot he lium (lines bl o od ve sse ls), me so th e liu m (ser ou s lin ing o f ce lom ) C uboid a l C ub e d Wa lls o f g land s
C olu m na r C olu m n s Linin g o f g ut tub e ;
so me times w ith c ilia like lin ing o f u te rine tub e Pse udo -strat ified Fla t ce lls give rise With c ilia in re spi ra to ry to c olu m n s tu b e s to m o ve m u c ou s/ par tic le s out o f lun g s
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Stratified Epithelium Stratified squamous 1. Keratinized stratified squamous • Keratin deposit in apical layer and several layers below it. 2. Non-keratinized stratified squamous • No keratin
Figure 3.17e Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Not a true stratified tissue. All cells are attached to the basement membrane but not all reach the apical surface. When viewed from the side, it appears that they have several layers Stratified Epithelium Transitional epithelium Elastic Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching As the cells stretch, they become flattened Figure 3.17f Lines organs of the urinary system Quiz!! E
Can You Identify the
Classes of Epithelium? D
A B
C Blood and its composition Tendon Vs Ligaments Muscle Tissue There are 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal smooth cardiac Classification of Muscle Cells • Striated vs. Nonstriated striated have a banded appearance (stripes) • Single nucleus or multinucleated cells • Muscle cells can be controlled voluntarily (consciously) or involuntarily (automatically) Skeletal Muscle Cells
Striated, voluntary, and multinucleated
are long, thin and cylindrical; they are attached to bones and move our skeleton are usually called “muscle fibers” do not divide to create new cells new fibers are produced by stem cells Striations -- cross stripes (bands) run perpendicular to the cells Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Cells
– are called “cardiocytes” and found in heart
walls – branching cells connect at intercalated disks which allow contractions to occur faster – are regulated by pacemaker cells which control contraction of the heart muscles – striated, involuntary, and single nucleus Cardiac Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Cells – are small and pointed at their ends – can divide and regenerate new cells – non-striated, involuntary, and single nucleus – found in hollow organs like the intestine, bladder, lungs, and blood vessels – move substances through hollow opening by contracting slowly; they squeeze things through like a tube of toothpaste Smooth Muscle Tissue Review What You’ve Learned… Voluntary or Muscle Type Striated? # of nuclei Involuntary
Multi- Skeletal Yes Voluntary nucleated
Single Cardiac Yes Involuntary Nucleus Single Smooth No Nucleus Involuntary Nervous tissue Formation of Schwaan cells Parts of Neuron • Contains 3 parts 1. Axon Terminal- filled with vesicles containing neurotransmitter 2. Synaptic Cleft- space between the neurons 3. Neurotransmitter Receptor Region- located on the post synaptic neuron Regions of Neuro-transmission
