Before Getting Started, Spend One Minute of Silence For Opening Prayer
Before Getting Started, Spend One Minute of Silence For Opening Prayer
Before Getting Started, Spend One Minute of Silence For Opening Prayer
General Chemistry 1
OBJECTIVES
Guide Questions:
a. What is a mole?
b. What is molar mass? How do you compute the molar mass of a substance?
c. What is the difference between empirical and molecular formula?
What were the three major models
of the atom?
Identify the symbol of the elements in the following names. No element should be
repeated.
Example: Aubrey Au – B – Re – Y (gold-boron-rhenium-yttrium)
1. Francis F – Ra – N – C – I – S
2. Nicola Ni – Co – La N – I – C – O – La
3. Claire C – La – I – Re
4. Stephen S – Te – P – He – N
5. Paula P a – u – La P – Au – La
CHAPTER OUTLINE
A. Ionic Compound
B. Molecular Compounds
IONIC COMPOUNDS
1. Write down the ions which will combine to form a compound. Start with
the cation, then the anion. The charge of an ion is always written as a
superscript in the chemical formula.
Magnesium Mg 2+ Cl –
chloride
Iron (III) oxide Fe 3+ O 2-
IONIC COMPOUNDS
2. Crisscross the charges of the ions. Do not include the signs. The
interchanged numbers will be written as subscripts of the elements in the
formula. The subscript is 1 is not written in the formula.
3. Polyatomic ions or radicals behave as a single unit. When there are multiple numbers
of an individual polyatomic ion, parenthesis are used to separate the polyatomic ion
from the subscript that indicates how many of the ions are in the formula.
Greek Prefixes
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
A. Trivial Name
B. Systematic Nomenclature
COMPOUNDS CAN BE NAMED USING:
A. Trivial Name
B. Systematic Nomenclature
The name of the cation of a metal that forms only one cation is the same
as the name of the metal (with the word ion added if the cation is by itself).
Example:
Na+ - sodium ion
Ca2+ - calcium ion
Al3+ - aluminum ion
CATIONS
They can be named in two ways: stock system and –ous/-ic suffix system.
A. Monoatomic Anions
B. Polyatomic Anions
ANIONS
A. Monoatomic Anions
They are named by adding the suffix -ide to the root of the name of the
parent element (rootword + -IDE)
Example:
Cl− - chloride O2− - oxide P3− - phosphide
N3− - nitride (also called azide) C4− - carbide
Since the charges on these ions can be predicted from their position in the periodic table, it
is not necessary to specify the charge in the name.
ANIONS
B. Polyatomic Anions
Polyatomic anions that contain a single metal or nonmetal atom plus one
or more oxygen atoms are called oxoanions (or oxyanions).
In cases where only two oxoanions are known for an element, the name of the
oxoanion with more oxygen atoms ends in -ate, and the name of the oxoanion
with fewer oxygen atoms ends in -ite.
Example:
NO3− - nitrate and NO2− - nitrite
PO43- - phosphate and PO33- - phosphite
RULES OF NAMING SYSTEMATICALLY
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
C. Acids
GENERAL IONIC RULE
General Formula: name of cation name of anion (RW + ide)
Chemical Formula Cation Name Anion Name Compound Name
EXAMPLE: LiOH
Fe(OH)3 lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide
iron (III) hydroxide iron (III) hydroxide
BASES Al(OH)3
ferric ferric hydroxide
General Formula:
Greek prefix + name of cation Greek prefix + name of anion (RW + ide)
If the Greek prefix ends in “a” or “o” and the word that follows starts with “a” or “o”, drop the a or o of
the Greek prefix and connect it to the next word
ACIDS
Acids are compounds that contains hydrogen ion (H+) as the cation and an
anion which can be a nonmetal or oxoanion thus an acid can be binary or
ternary acids.
A. Binary Acid
B. Ternary Acids
BINARY ACIDS
General Formula: hydro + rootword + ic + acid
The anion for binary acid is a monatomic nonmetal with the exception of
the cyanide ion.
They are named using the prefix hydro- connected to the rootword of the
anion and the suffix –ic name plus the word acid.
BINARY ACIDS
B. Binary Acids in Gaseous Form
General Formula: hydrogen name of monatomic anion
This binary acid is named using the cation name hydrogen and the name of
the monatomic anion.
A.) -ate to -ic If the anion from the acid formula is –ate ending, replace the
suffix –ate with –ic in naming the acid.
General Formula: rootword + ic acid
B.) -ite to -ous If the anion from the acid formula is –ite ending, replace the suffix –
ite with –ous in naming the acid.
General Formula: rootword + ous acid
EXAMPLE:
Acid Formula Name of the Acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
HNO3 nitric acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
H3PO3 phosphorous acid
PRACTICE PROBLEM
1.) NaOH
2.) Sodium phosphide
3.) Al2O3
4.) Nitric acid
5.) N2O5
6.) Zinc sulfate
7.) H2S (g)
8.) Manganese (IV) oxide
9.) HC2H3O2
10.) Sulfur hexafluoride