Java Strings: Creating Strings String Methods

Java Strings
 Creating Strings
 String Methods
 Java Strings
 Storing Text in String Variables
 Using Special Characters in String
 Display Strings
 Concatenate Strings
 Using Other Variables with Strings
 Strings are sequences of characters beginning
and ending with double-quotes.
 Unlike other programming languages, Java does

not use an array of characters to represent a
string.
 Use a String by typing some text surrounded

by double quotes. This is called a String literal.
“This is a Java String”

 A character is the basic element of a string. It is
a single letter, number, punctuation mark, or
other symbol.
 In Java programs, a character is enclosed by
single quotes.
 Character variables are created with the char
type in a statement.
char message;
 When you create character variables, you can set them up
with an initial value.
char message = ‘A’;
 A string is a collection of characters.
 Using the String literal and the name of the variable, you can
set up a variable to hold a string value.
String fullName = “Juan dela Cruz”;
 You can also assign a String literal to a String variable to

change its content.
fullName = “Jose Rizal”;

 If you want to include double quotation marks as
part of a String, Java has created a special code
sequence for this: \”.
 Every time this code sequence is encountered in

a String literal, it is replaced with the double
quotation marks.
String str = “Juan watched the

movie \ “Spiderman\” in 2007.”;
 The System.out.println() statement is used to
display a string in a Java program.
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
 When you say display a line of text on the screen, this

often refers to printing.
 Java allows the use of the + sign to concatenate or connect
two strings together.
String a = “Hello”;
String b = “World”;
String message = a + b;
 When you concatenate a string with a value that is not a

string, the latter is converted to a string.
int age = 18;

String rating = “R” + age;
 Example:
int length = 120;

char rating = ‘R’;
System.out.println(“Running time: ” +
length + “ minutes”);
System.out.println(“Rated ” + rating);
 Output:
Running time: 120 minutes

Rated R
String findWords = “”;
findWords = findWords + “comedy”;
findWords = findWords + “action”;
findWords = findWords + “Philippines”;
 The += operator combines the functions of the = and +

operators. With strings, it is used to add something to the
end of an existing string.
String findWords = “”;

findWords += “comedy”;
findWords += “action”;
findWords += “Philippines”;
String strGreeting = “Hello World”;
String “Hello World”

Charact
‘H’ ‘e’ ‘l’ ‘l’ ‘o’ ‘ ’ ‘W’ ‘o’ ‘r’ ‘l’ ‘d’
er
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
strGreeting.charAt(0); // returns char H

strGreeting.charAt(8); // returns char r
Directly assigning string literal to a String object:
String str1 = “Hello World”;
Using the new keyword and String constructor:

String str1 = new String(“Hello World”);
String str1 = “Computer”;
String str2 = “Computer”;
String str3 = new String(“Computer”);
String str4 = new String(“Computer”);
Memory
str1
“Computer”
str2
str3
“Computer”
“Computer”
str4
Assume: String str = “Java”;
Method Example Return value
charAt(index) str.charAt(2) ‘v’
compareTo(string) str.compareTo(“Java’s”) -2
concat(string) str.concat(“ program”) “Java program”
equals(string) str.equals(“Java”) true

equalsIgnorCase str.equalsIgnoreCase
true
(string) (“java”)
indexOf(string) str.indexOf(“a”) 1
lastIndexOf
str.lastIndexOf(“a”) 3
(string)
Assume: String str = “Java”, strEx = “ Java Java ”;
Method Example Return value
length() str.length() 4
toLowerCase() str.toLowerCase() “java”
toLowerCase() Str.toUpperCase() “JAVA”
replace(oldChar,
str.replace(‘a’, ‘o’) “Jovo”
newChar)
substring(start) str.substring(2) “va”
substring(start,
str.substring(1, 3) “av”
end)
trim() strEx.trim() “Java Java”
String strName = “Jess Diaz”;
String strConverted = strName.toUpperCase();
System.out.println(strConverted); //JESS DIAZ
System.out.println(strName); //Jess Diaz

Problem
1. Assume: String sentence = “The quick brown fox
jumps over the lazy dog.”;
Write Java statements that will count and display the total
number of character ‘o’ in the string.
2. Assume:
String str1 = “Class”, str2 = “ class ”;
Write Java statements that will display true when both
variables are compared.
Write Java statements that will display the string replacing all
the whitespaces to character ‘%’.
Problem
Write Java statements that will display a message specifying
what is the index position of character ‘a’ in the string.
5. Write Java statements that will ask the user to enter a string
then print each character of this character using a loop
statement.

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Java Strings

 Unlike other programming languages, Java does

 Use a String by typing some text surrounded

“This is a Java String”

char message = ‘A’;

 A string is a collection of characters.

String fullName = “Juan dela Cruz”;

 You can also assign a String literal to a String variable to

fullName = “Jose Rizal”;

 Every time this code sequence is encountered in

String str = “Juan watched the

 When you say display a line of text on the screen, this

 When you concatenate a string with a value that is not a

int age = 18;

int length = 120;

Running time: 120 minutes

 The += operator combines the functions of the = and +

String findWords = “”;

String “Hello World”

strGreeting.charAt(0); // returns char H

Using the new keyword and String constructor:

equals(string) str.equals(“Java”) true

System.out.println(strConverted); //JESS DIAZ

System.out.println(strName); //Jess Diaz

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