ACCOMMODATION

MANAGEMENT
Course Code: TTA231
Module 1

Prepared by
Dr. Shalki
Department of Management and Social Sciences
Amity University Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Email: [email protected]
 CONTENTS

Introduction to Hospitality and Hotel Industry

Hotels- Evolution and Growth
Different Sectors of Hospitality Industry
Accommodation
Food and Drinks
Travel and Tourism
Effect of Corona Virus Epidemic on Hospitality Industry
 INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY AND HOTEL INDUSTRY

• The hospitality industry is generally recognized as a section of the wider service industry, with a focus on leisure, rather than more
basic needs.

• The Hospitality industry is a broad field and while most people have a basic idea of the types of businesses that count as hospitality
brands, a far smaller number are able to provide a coherent and satisfactory explanation of what the industry is, and what it is not.

• Put simply, the hospitality industry refers to a variety of businesses and services linked to leisure and customer satisfaction. A
defining aspect of the hospitality industry is also the fact that it focuses on ideas of luxury, pleasure, enjoyment and experiences, as
opposed to catering for necessities and essentials.

• The hospitality industry and the travel industry are closely connected, but there are also some subtle differences to be aware of. On a
basic level, the travel or tourism industry is concerned with services for people who have travelled away from their usual place of
residence, for a relatively short period of time.

• By contrast, the hospitality industry is concerned with services related to leisure and customer satisfaction. This may well mean
offering services to tourists, but it can also include the provision of services to people who are not tourists, such as locals enjoying
their free time, or people coming to an area for reasons other than tourism.
 HOTELS– THEIR EVOLUTION AND GROWTH

• The early history of accommodation for travellers can be traced back to the Greek word ‘Xenia’, which not only meant hospitality but also the protection
given to a traveller from discomforts. The city was bound to offer hospitality. In Sparta city, although due to rigorous customs visitors were not
encouraged, yet goddess Athena was considered as the protector of strangers and hence her name was ‘Xenia Athena’.

• In this period travellers were mainly diplomats, philosophers, intellectuals and researchers. Guests were invited to stay with noblemen. In ancient
Olympia, buildings constructed with the aim to accommodate strangers can be seen. They were called ‘Leonidio’ and were built in 4th century BC. The
concept of hospitality can also be drawn back to ancient times. Mention of it is found in ‘Iliad’ and ‘The Odyssey’ by Homer.

• During the seventh and eighth centuries, it was the monasteries that supplied hospitality to strangers and, as no charge was made for the accommodation,
all travellers were expected to contribute according to their means to the Abbey funds. As more people began to travel they grouped themselves together,
not only for the company but for mutual protection from highwaymen and robbers. Consequently, travellers arrived in groups at a monastery and it was
often difficult to accommodate them all. In the early 19th century the concept of a hotel room was a sitting room in the front, a bedroom behind it and a
storeroom to keep trunks behind the bedroom and this century is known as “Golden Age of Hotel of Hotels in Great Britain and the World”, To overcome
this, separate lodging houses called ‘Inns’ (a Saxon word) were built. The word ‘lnn’ came to mean a ‘Lodging House’ and until the passing of the Hotel
Proprietors Act in 1956, it was the legal term for ‘Hotel’ and hotel proprietors were legally referred to as ‘Common Innkeepers’. ‘Common’ in this sense
referred to Common Law.

• In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, manor houses, being hospitable places. willingly gave accommodation to travellers. As no payment was
expected, travellers tipped the servants as a ‘thank you’ for the generous hospitality received-thus the practice of tipping was born.
 HOTELS– THEIR EVOLUTION AND GROWTH

• When high taxes crippled the generosity and hospitality of the owners of the manor houses, many became commercial inns.
During Elizabeth the First’s reign, posting houses were established and travellers, in addition to getting refreshment were able to
change horses before continuing their Journey.

• The turn of the century saw an era that was called the ‘Belle Epoch’ when the grand and luxurious hotels flourished. A few
hotels are still operating today. In London and some other cities attempts have been made to recapture some of the grandeur of
the past era in the making of modern hotels, and bring back the memories the grand hotels of olden days.

• The next stage in the cycle of evolution of the hotel industry was the coming of the motor car. It enabled people to visit those
parts of the country which could not be reached by railways. This gave birth to inland resorts and the hotel industry began to
flourish.

• International air travel has helped create the modern ‘stop-over’ hotel. With the increase in this form of travel, the number of
hotels built close to airports has multiplied.

• Another trend in hotelkeeping is the motel which is the twentieth-century version of the old ‘Coach Inn’. People travelling the
country by car, stopping overnight here and there, require not only refreshment for themselves but also safe parking for their
cars. Post Houses developed by the Trust Houses Forte Group are in fact the modern version of the old coaching inns. Great
Britain is considered as “Motherland of the Hotel Industry.”
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

1. ACCOMMODATION

The accommodation sector of the hospitality industry is concerned with providing customers with a place to stay, on a temporary basis. It is most commonly associated with
the tourism industry, where people book holidays or trips and require lodgings, but the accommodation sector also caters to local people seeking a short break from their
everyday routine, or those who require temporary accommodation for almost any other purpose.

BED & BREAKFAST

Bed & breakfasts, also known as B&Bs, are small establishments, which offer overnight stays and breakfast in the morning. Most B&Bs owners live in the property, while
guests are provided with a private room and, in most cases, they will also have a private or suite bathroom. However, bathroom facilities are sometimes shared.

HOTELS

Arguably the most obvious form of accommodation that falls within the hospitality industry, hotels cater to people who require overnight or longer-term stays. Aside from
offering lodgings, they tend to provide various other services, including room service, housekeeping, and facilities for eating and drinking.

MOTELS
Motels are similar to hotels, but are specifically designed for use as overnight accommodation by motorists. With this in mind, they are generally situated at the roadside,
and will have free car parking facilities. Unlike hotels, however, motels usually offer little in the way of additional services or amenities.

HOSTELS

Hostels are a form of communal accommodation, where multiple guests will usually sleep in a shared room, with the guests effectively renting a bed. Bathroom and kitchen
facilities are usually shared and hostels offer less privacy than hotels. Yet, they are usually significantly cheaper, making them a solid option for those with a low budget.
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

RESORTS
A resort is similar to a hotel, but it will provide a wider range of facilities and amenities. This means that guests
are able to access sleeping facilities, food and drink facilities, entertainment facilities, shopping facilities and other
amenities without needing to leave the resort. Many resorts also offer all-inclusive pricing.
SERVICES APARTMENTS
Another form of accommodation that shares similarities with hotels, serviced apartments are self-contained units,
which are supplied for either short-term or long-term stays. These apartments will typically be fully furnished, will
contain a kitchen, and may include various hotel-like services, such ass laundry and cleaning.
TIME SHARING
Finally, time shared accommodation is a type of accommodation where ownership or usage rights are shared
between multiple people. It may be a house, condo, or similar type of property and each owner will typically be
allocated a particular time of the year where they will have right of use.
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

2. FOOD & DRINKS

While food and drinks are necessities, most food and drinks services also fall under the hospitality industry umbrella,
due to the fact that they offer people a way of spending their leisure time and disposable income, as well as an
opportunity to socialize and enjoy an experience. Again, the food and drinks sector caters to a wide range of customers,
including tourists, locals, ex-pats and passers-by.
RESTAURANTS
Restaurants provide customers with food and drinks services, with the food either being eaten in the establishment, or
taken away for consumption. This section of the hospitality industry includes fine dining restaurants, takeaway
restaurants, fast food restaurants and a variety of other restaurant types.
CATERING
Catering services are food services provided within a particular site, or in a more remote location, where food and drink
are not necessarily the main service provided. Examples of this include catering provided at parks, arenas, stadiums,
hotels, event venues and on certain forms of public transport.
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

BARS & CAFES

Bars and cafés provide customers with options to go out, socialise and enjoy food and drinks. They also tend to be
a more casual option than most sit-in restaurants. Cafés generally focus on coffee, tea and light snacks, while bars
tend to prioritise alcoholic drinks and soft drinks, and may also offer additional entertainment.
NIGHTCLUBS
Nightclubs are one of the main ways the hospitality industry caters to people in search of night-time
entertainment. They serve alcoholic drinks, are kept open until late, and often place an emphasis on both music
and dancing. Many nightclubs have specific themes and they may cater for locals, as well as visitors or tourists.
TEA AND COFFEE SHOPS
Tea rooms and coffee shops provide a similar function to cafés, primarily serving varieties of tea and coffee, as the
name suggests. With that being said, tea and coffee shops are often individual room within larger buildings, such
as hotels, and they may also sell products to be taken away, such as tea bags and coffee beans.
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

3. TRAVEL AND TOURISM

It is important to understand that the hospitality industry and the travel industry are closely linked. Many of the services that are classed as travel
industry offerings are also hospitality offerings, because they are linked to leisure, customer satisfaction, pleasure, experiences and the use of
disposable income. Importantly, the cross-over between the tourism industry and the hospitality industry centres on services, rather than end-products.

TRAVEL AGENTS

Essentially, travel agents serve to sell travel products to customers, on behalf of suppliers. They will often receive a commission for successful sales
and can be a convenient option for inexperienced travellers, providing them with advice on the best travel products for their particular needs.

TOUR OPERATORS

A tour operator offers a combination of travel and tour products, combining them into a package, which is then sold to customers. This might, for
instance, include travel to a destination, transfers from a hotel or train station to a hotel, as well a number of trips, activities or experiences throughout
the customer’s stay.

ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCIES (OTAS)

Online travel agents, or OTAs, perform many of the same functions as traditional travel agents, albeit over the internet. However, the use of online
platforms means customers often have access to a greater level of self-service, with the OTAs helping users to search for the travel products that best
suit their requirements.
 SECTORS WITHIN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

CRUISES

Cruises are voyages on cruise ships, undertaken for pleasure, rather than for the sole purpose of transportation. A cruise may have
various stops along the way, but passengers will spend the vast majority of their time aboard the cruise ship, which will provide
them with lodgings, entertainment, catering and more.

CAR RENTAL

Car rental services cater to customers who require short-term access to a car. In many cases, these services are used by tourists
travelling to other parts of the world, although some locals may also wish to rent a car, especially if they do not have regular
access to one, or if they require a larger number of passenger seats.

CASINOS

Finally, a casino is an entertainment establishment, which provides customers with opportunities to gamble. These gambling
opportunities are predominantly offered via luck-based games. In addition to the gambling component, many casinos also stage
live performances, offer food and drinks, and are connected to hotels.
 HOW CORONA VIRUS EPIDEMIC HAS AFFECTED THE
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

• The global impact of the corona virus on businesses, especially the hotel and hospitality industry, has meant fewer people are able
to travel due to the imposed travel restrictions. Almost all the local and international events have been cancelled or postponed to a
later date, with examples including the Olympic Games in Japan, the 2020 UEFA EURO, and the largest travel trade fair, ITB
Berlin, to name some of the few.
• With almost every business facing restrictions, and people worrying about their job security, it’s no wonder that no-one is keen to
book their holidays for 2020 or even 2021.
• The hospitality industry is one of the sectors that’s been hit the hardest. Some hotels have lost up to 90 per cent in occupancy, and
some restaurants and hotels had no choice but to make their staff redundant in order to stop their recurring costs. As a result,
many businesses have been forced to deal with their own cash flow problems and facing an uncertain future.
• In the category “Corona” you find a selection of tips which helps businesses operating in the hospitality and travel industry to
recover and prepare for better times.

Ultimately, the hospitality industry should be classed as a section of the service industry, which focuses on leisure and
customer satisfaction, rather than on necessities and end-products. It is a broad industry, containing multiple sectors, as well
as a wide range of different businesses and products.