ANO ANG SANA

MO? And Why?

What is Programming?
● Programming is how you get computers to solve problems
or Instruct the Computer using Programming Languages.

● “Instruct the computer”: this basically means that you

provide the computer a set of instructions that are written in
a language that the computer can understand. The
instructions could be of various
What is Programming Language?

● Computers understand instructions that are

written in a specific syntactical form called a
programming language

● A programming language provides a way for a

programmer to express a task so that it could be
understood and executed by a computer.
 Java
Computer Porgrmming
What is Java?
Java is a multi-platform, object-oriented, and network-
centric language. It is among the most used
programming language. Java is also used as a
computing platform.

It is used for developing Android Apps Scientific Computing Applications

Helps you to create Enterprise Software Java Programming of Hardware devices

Wide range of Mobile java Applications

History of Java Programming Language
● The Java language was initially called OAK.
● Originally, it was developed for handling portable devices and set-
top boxes. Oak was a massive failure.

● In 1995, Sun changed the name to "Java" and modified the

language to take advantage of the burgeoning www (World Wide
Web) development business.

● Later, in 2009, Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems and

took ownership of three key Sun software assets: Java, MySQL,
and Solaris.
Java Versions
Java Features
● It is one of the easy-to-use programming languages to learn.
● Write code once and run it on almost any computing platform.
● Java is platform-independent. Some programs developed in one
machine can be executed in another machine.
● It is designed for building object-oriented applications.
● It is a multithreaded language with automatic memory
management.
● It is created for the distributed environment of the Internet.
● Facilitates distributed computing as its network-centric.
Java Development kit (JDK)

● JDK is a software development environment used for making

applets and Java applications

● Java developers can use it on Windows, macOS, Solaris, and

Linux. JDK helps them to code and run Java programs
Java Virtual Machine (JVM):
● Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an engine that provides a runtime
environment to drive the Java Code or applications.

● It converts Java bytecode into machine language.

● JVM is a part of the Java Run Environment (JRE)

● In other programming languages, the compiler produces machine

code for a particular system. However, the Java compiler produces
code for a Virtual Machine known as Java Virtual Machine.
Why JVM?
● JVM provides a platform-independent way of executing Java
source code.

● It has numerous libraries, tools, and frameworks.

● Once you run a Java program, you can run on any platform and
save lots of time.

● JVM comes with JIT (Just-in-Time) compiler that converts Java

source code into low-level machine language. Hence, it runs faster
than a regular application.
Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
● JRE is a piece of software that is designed to run other software. It
contains the class libraries, loader class,

Why use JRE?

● JRE contains class libraries,

● It uses important package classes like math, swing, util, lang, awt,
and runtime libraries.

● If you have to run Java applets, then JRE must be installed in your
system.
What is a PC?
● A computer is an electronic device capable of performing
computations

● We all know that it is composed of a monitor, keyboard, mouse,

and memory to store information

● But the most important component of the computer is a

PROCESSOR. This does all thinking of computer, but the question
is how the computer does this thinking? How does it understand
the text, images, videos, etc.
What is Assembly Language?
● The computer is an electronic device, and it can only understand
electronic signals or binary signals
How Java Virtual Machine works?
How to Write Your First Java Program
Creating Hello World Example
Every line of code that runs in Java
must be inside a
class Simple
{ A class should always start with an
public static void main(String args[]) uppercase first letter
{
System.out.println("Hello Java");
}
}
Note: Java is case-sensitive: "MyClass" and
"myclass" has different meaning.
The main Method

● The main() method is required and you will see it in every Java program:

Any code inside the main() method will be executed.

System.out.println()

Inside the main() method, we can use the println() method to print a line of
text to the screen:
Exercise #1
● Insert the missing part of the code below to output "Hello
World

public _______ MyClass

{
public static void ______(String[] args)
{
________.out._______("Hello World")_
}
}
Exercise #3

● Create a Program in Java to Display your Information

-First name
-Middle name
-Last name
-Section
-Strand
-Motto in Life
Activity #1
● Create a program in java to show the Different version of java
 Computer
Programming
Ano ang Sana mo? At Bakit?

22
 Java Print
Both of the print( ) and println( ) methods print
data on the screen. Basically print( ) and
println( ) are nearly the same with just very
small difference between them. These
methods are very popular in Java.

23
Differences Between print( ) and
println( ) in Java
The print() method prints the required output
on the same line continuously again and again
on the screen..

The println( ) method prints the output in the

next line of the previous result on the screen.

24
print( ) Method
public class Test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.print("first statement. ");
System.out.print("second statement. ");
System.out.print("third statement");
}
} 25
println( ) Method
public class Test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("first statement.");
System.out.println("second statement.");
System.out.println("third statement.");
}
} 26
Exercise No.1

27
 Java Comments
Comments can be used to explain Java code, and
to make it more readable. It can also be used to
prevent execution when testing alternative code.

28
 Single-line Comments
ingle-line comments start with two forward
slashes (//).

Any text between // and the end of the line is

ignored by Java (will not be executed)..

// This is a comment
System.out.println("Hello World");

29
Java Multi-line Comments
Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with
*/.

Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by

Java.

/* The code below will print the words Hello World

to the screen, and it is amazing */
System.out.println("Hello World");
30
 Java Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values

31
Figure 1
Value Variable
1 Liter

2 Liters

3 Liters
32
Types of Variables
Types Of Variables
• local variable
• instance variable
• static variable
Local Variable
A variable declared inside the body of the
method is called local variable.

You can use this variable only within that

method and the other methods in the class aren't
even aware that the variable exists.

A local variable cannot be defined with "static"

keyword.
Instance Variable
A variable declared inside the class but outside the
body of the method, is called an instance variable. It
is not declared as static.

It is called an instance variable because its value is

instance-specific and is not shared among instances.
Static variable
A variable that is declared as static is called a
static variable. It cannot be local. You can create
a single copy of the static variable and share it
among all the instances of the class.
Example to understand the types of
variables in java
Declaring (Creating) Variables
Syntax
type variable = value;

Where type is one of Java's types (such as int or

String), and variable is the name of the variable
(such as x or name). The equal sign is used to
assign values to the variable.

38
Example No.1
Create a variable called name of type String and
assign it the value "John":

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String name = "John";
System.out.println(name);
}
}
39
Example No.2
Create a variable called myNum of type int and
assign it the value 15:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int myNum = 15;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
40
Example No.3
You can also declare a variable without assigning
the value, and assign the value later

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int myNum;
myNum = 15;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
41
Display Variables
The println() method is often used to display
variables.
To combine both text and a variable, use the +
character:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String name = "John";
System.out.println("Hello " + name);
}
} 42
 You can also use the + character to add a variable to
another variable:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String firstName = "John ";
String lastName = "Doe";
String fullName = firstName + lastName;
System.out.println(fullName);
}
}
43
Java Identifiers
⩥ All Java variables must be identified with unique
names.

⩥ These unique names are called identifiers.

⩥ Identifiers can be short names (like x and y) or

more descriptive names (age, sum, totalVolume).

44
 Exercise #1
1.Comments in Java are written with special
characters. Insert the missing parts
3. Display the sum of 5 + 10, using two variables: x and
public class Main
y.
{
public static void main(String[] args) 4. Create a variable called z, assign x + y to it, and
{ display the result.
___This is a single-line comment
___ This is a multi-line comment __ 5.Create three variables of the same type, using a
}
comma-separated list:
}

2.Create a variable named carName and assign the

value Volvo to it.

3. Create a variable named maxSpeed and assign the

value 120 to it..
45
 _____ class local {
     
    public void calculate() {
         
        // initialized a local variable "height"
        ____ height = ___;
Activity #2          
        // incrementing the value of height
        height = height + ___;
⩥ Debug the given Program to Get the         ____.out.println("height is: " + ____ + " cm")__
given Output (2 points each)     }
 
    public static void ___(String args[]) {
         
        // a is a reference used to call calculate() method
        ____ a = new local();
        a._______();
    }
}

Output : height is : 170 cm 46

 Computer
Programming
Java Operators
Operator in Java is a symbol that is used to perform operations

Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables

Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Bitwise operators

48
The Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that
they are used in algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators
Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B
holds 20
Operator Description Example
+ (Addition) Adds values on either side of A + B will give 30
the operator.
- (Subtraction) Subtracts right-hand operand A - B will give -10
from left-hand operand.
* (Multiplication) Multiplies values on either side A * B will give 200
of the operator.
/ (Division) Divides left-hand operand by B / A will give 2
right-hand operand
% (Modulus) Divides left-hand B % A will give 0
operand by right-hand operand
and returns remainder.
++ (Increment) Increases the value of operand B++ gives 21
by 1.
-- (Decrement) Increases the value of operand B-- gives 19
by 1.
The Relational Operators
Operator Description Example
== (equal to) Checks if the values of two (A == B) is not true.
operands are equal or not, if
yes then condition becomes
There are following relational true.

operators supported by Java != (not equal to) Checks if the values of two (A != B) is true.
operands are equal or not, if
language values are not equal then
condition becomes true..

> (greater than) Checks if the value of left (A > B) is not true.
operand is greater than the
Assume integer variable A holds value of right operand, if yes
then condition becomes true.
10 and variable B holds 20
< (less than) Checks if the value of left (A < B) is true.
operand is less than the value
of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true.

>= (greater than or equal Checks if the value of left (A >= B) is not true.
to) operand is greater than or
equal to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition
becomes true.

<= (less than or equal to) Checks if the value of left (A <= B) is true.
operand is less than or equal to
the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes
true.
The Logical Operators
Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds
false

Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds

20

Operator Description Example

&& (logical and) Called Logical AND (A && B) is false
operator. If both the
operands are non-zero,
then the condition becomes
true.
|| (logical or) Called Logical OR (A || B) is true
Operator. If any of the two
operands are non-zero,
then the condition becomes
true.
! (logical not) Called Logical NOT !(A && B) is true
Operator. Use to reverses
the logical state of its
operand. If a condition is
true then Logical NOT
operator will make false.
The Assignment Operators
Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds
false

Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds

20

Operator Description Example

= Simple assignment operator. Assigns C = A + B will assign value of A + B
values from right side operands to left side into C
operand.
+= Add AND assignment operator. It adds C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
right operand to the left operand and
assign the result to left operand.
-= Subtract AND assignment operator. It C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A
subtracts right operand from the left
operand and assign the result to left
operand
*= Multiply AND assignment operator. It C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
multiplies right operand with the left
operand and assign the result to left
operand.
The Assignment Operators
Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds
false

Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds

20

Operator Description Example

/= Divide AND assignment operator. It divides C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
left operand with the right operand and
assign the result to left operand.
%= Modulus AND assignment operator. It C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
takes modulus using two operands and
assign the result to left operand..
Miscellaneous Operators
Conditional Operator ( ? : )

Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of
three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator
is to decide, which value should be assigned to the variable

Syntax Example
public class Test {
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a, b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " +
b );

b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;

System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}
Exercise
1. Write a Java program to print the sum of 3. Write a Java program to print the result
two numbers of the following operations

Example Example
74 + 36 a. -5 + 8 * 6
Expected Output b. (55+9) % 9
110 c. 20 + -3*5 / 8
d. 5 + 15 / 3 * 2 - 8 % 3

2. Write a Java program to divide two Expected Output :

numbers and print on the screen 43
1
Example 19
50/3 13
Expected Output :
16
Exercise
4. Write a Java program that takes two 6. Write a Java program to print the sum (addition),
numbers as input and display the product multiply, subtract, divide and remainder of two
of two numbers numbers
Example
Example First variable = 25
First variable = 25 Second Variable = 5
Second Variable = 5
Expected Output :
Expected Output : 125 + 24 = 149
25 x 5 = 125 125 - 24 = 101
125 x 24 = 3000
5. Write a Java program to divide two 125 / 24 = 5
numbers and print on the screen 125 mod 24 = 5

Example
50/3
Expected Output :
16
Activity

Create a program in java to Display the Average of the Given grades and
Display the Status using Conditional Operator ( ? : )

Status
Art = 90.6 100 – 75 = Passed
NSTP = 87 74 below = Failed
English = 90
ComProg = 78
Animation = 90

Average = ?
Status : ?
 Computer
Programming
How does it feel to be an ICT
student ?

59
 Data Types in Java
Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the

variable. There are two types of data types in Java: .

1.Primitive data types: The primitive data types include boolean, char, byte, short, int,
long, float and double.

2.Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive data types include Classes, Interfaces,

and Arrays.

60
 Datatype
Value Variable
1 Liter

2 Liters

3 Liters
61
Java Primitive Data Types

Primitive data types are the building blocks of data manipulation. These
are the most basic data types available in Java language.

•boolean data type

•byte data type
•char data type
•short data type
•int data type
•long data type
•float data type
•double data type
Data Type Default Value Default size

boolean false 1 bit

char '\u0000' 2 byte

byte 0 1 byte

short 0 2 byte

int 0 4 byte

long 0L 8 byte

float 0.0f 4 byte

double 0.0d 8 byte

boolean false 1 bit

63
Booleans
A boolean data type is declared with the boolean keyword and can only take
the values true or false

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean isJavaFun = true;
boolean isFishTasty = false;
System.out.println(isJavaFun);
System.out.println(isFishTasty);
}
}

64
 Characters
⩥ The char data type is used to store a single character. The character
must be surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or 'c
⩥ Alternatively, you can use ASCII values to display certain
characters:

public class Main { public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void main(String[] args) { char a = 65, b = 66, c = 67;
char myGrade = 'B'; System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(myGrade); System.out.println(b);
} System.out.println(c);
}
} }

65
American Standard
Code For Information
Interchange (ASCII)

66
Byte
⩥ The byte data type can store whole numbers from -128 to 127. This
can be used instead of int or other integer types to save memory
when you are certain that the value will be within -128 and 127:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
byte myNum = 100;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

67
Short
⩥ The short data type can store whole numbers from -32768 to
32767:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
short myNum = 5000;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

68
Integer or int
⩥ The int data type can store whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,647. In general, and in our tutorial, the int data type is
the preferred data type when we create variables with a numeric
value.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
short myNum = 5000;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

69
Long
⩥ The long data type can store whole numbers from
-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807. This is used
when int is not large enough to store the value. Note that you
should end the value with an "L":.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
long myNum = 15000000000L;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

70
Float
⩥ The float data type can store fractional numbers from 3.4e−038 to
3.4e+038. Note that you should end the value with an "f":

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
long myNum = 15000000000L;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

71
Double
⩥ The double data type can store fractional numbers from 1.7e−308
to 1.7e+308. Note that you should end the value with a "d":

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
double myNum = 19.99d;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

72
Double
⩥ The double data type can store fractional numbers from 1.7e−308
to 1.7e+308. Note that you should end the value with a "d":

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
double myNum = 19.99d;
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}

73
Non-Primitive Datatypes
⩥ Non-Primitive data types refer to objects and hence they are
called reference types. 

⩥ Examples of non-primitive types include Strings, Arrays, Classes,

Interface, etc. Below image depicts various non-primitive data
types.

74
String
⩥ String is a sequence of characters. But in Java, a string is an object that
represents a sequence of characters. The java.lang.String class is used to
create a string object.
⩥ The String data type is used to store a sequence of characters (text).
String values must be surrounded by double quotes:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String greeting = "Hello World";
System.out.println(greeting);
}
}
75
Arrays
⩥ Arrays in Java are homogeneous data structures implemented
in Java as objects. Arrays store one or more values of a
specific data type and provide indexed access to store the
same. A specific element in an array is accessed by its index

76
What is Class in Java?
⩥ Class are a blueprint or a set of instructions to build a specific type of
object
⩥ It is a basic concept of Object-Oriented Programming which revolve
around the real-life entities
⩥ Class in Java determines how an object will behave and what the object
will contain.

ClassName ReferenceVariable = new

ClassName();

77
Exercises
Identify the datatypes of the given value and display it using
println() Method

1. Declare int variables a and b.

2. Initialize an int variable x to 10 and a char variable ch to
'y'.
3. Declare and initialize a double variable payRate to
12.50.
4. Declare a boolean variable ans and set the value of ans
to true.

78
Activity No.3
Create a program in java to show the Average of the given
grades

Full name = your full name

Section = your section
Expected Output
Strand = your strand
Full name = Dexter Antigua Section = your section Strand = your strand
Math = 80
English = 79.5 Math : 80
Comprog = 90.5 English : 79.5
Comprog : 90.5
Animation = 75.8 Animation : 75.8
Oral Com = 90 Oral Com : 90

average : 83.16
average = ?

79