THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS (ppt1)

THE NATURE OF
MATHEMATICS
Mathematics in Our World
THINK ABOUT THIS!
1. What is MATHEMATICS for you?

2. Where could you observe the
use of Mathematics?
3. What role does mathematics
play in our world?
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS?
The word mathematics comes from Ancient Greek
máthēma (μάθημα), which, in the ancient Greek language,
means "that which is learnt,” or “lesson” in modern Greek.
Mathema is derived form “manthano” while the modern
Greek equivalent “mathaino” which means to means “to
learn”. The study of mathematics and the use of
generalized mathematics theories and proofs are the key
differences between Greek mathematics and the
mathematics of preceding civilizations.
Mathematics is defined as the science of PATTERNS

and RELATIONSHIPS.
However, people still ask: What is it exactly

mathematicians do when they are doing
mathematics? What really is mathematics?
DEFINITION OF MATHEMATICS
“The abstract science which investigates deductively the conclusions

implicit in the elementary conceptions of spatial and numerical
relations, and which includes as its main divisions geometry,
arithmetic, and algebra.”
-Oxford English-
“Mathematics is the language of physical sciences and certainly no

more marvelous language was created by the mind of man”
-Lindsay-
NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF MATHEMATICS
Let’s watch THIS!
https://vimeo.com/9953368
Activity!!!
Based on the video you watched, write an essay

about the relationship between mathematics and
nature and how does this change your perspective
about mathematics?
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND
THE WORLD
TEST YOURSELF
What is the next figure in the pattern below?

PATTERNS IN NATURE
Flower petals. Count the number of petals on each of the
flowers. What numbers do you get?
LILIES
IRIS
BUTTERCUPS
1 2 3 5
8 13 21 34
SEED HEADS
COUNTING THE SPIRALS
Cauliflower florets
Pinecone
Apple
Nautilus Shell
Waves
Hurricane
Leaves
DNA
Galaxy
THINK ABOUT THIS!
WHAT IS A PATTERN?
PATTERN
A particular way in which something is done, is
organized, or happens.
A pattern is a repeated arrangement of numbers,

shapes, colors, and so on.
PATTERN
If the set of numbers are related to each other in a specific
rule, then the rule or the manner is called a PATTERN.
Sometimes, patterns are also known as SEQUENCE.

Patterns are finite and infinite in number.
KINDS OF PATTERN IN NATURE
1. Symmetry
In mathematics, symmetry means that one shape is
identical to the other shape when it is moved, rotated, or
flipped.
A shape or an object has symmetry if it can be divided
into two identical pieces. In a symmetrical shape, one-half
is the mirror image of the other. The imaginary axis or line
along which the figure can be folded to obtain the
symmetrical halves is called the line of symmetry.
Example!
2. Spirals
It is curve formed by a point revolving around a fixed
axis at an ever-increasing distance. It can be defined by
a mathematical function which relates the distance of a
point from its origin to the angle at which it is rotated.
Example!
3. Chaos
It describes a situation where typical solutions (or orbits)
of a differential equation (or typical evolutions of some
other model describing deterministic evolution) do not
converge to a stationary or periodic function (of time) but
continue to exhibit a seemingly unpredictable behavior.
4. Waves/Dunes
Waves is a disturbance that moves through space or
matter.
5. Bubbles/Foams
A bubble is a minimal-energy surface of the type that is formed by soap
film. The simplest bubble is a single sphere. More complicated forms occur
when multiple bubbles are joined together. The simplest example is the
double-bubble, and beautiful configuratios can form when three or more
bubbles are conjoined.
6. Cracks
It forms in materials to relieve stress: with 120 degree joints
in elastic materials, but at 90 degree in inelastic materials. Thus
the pattern of cracks indicated whether the material is elastic or
not.
7. Spots/Stripes
According to Alan Turning, a reaction-diffusion system
involving two counter-acting chemical mechanisms, one that
activates and one that inhibits a development, such as of dark
pigment in the skin. These spatiotemporal patterns slowly drift,
the animals’ appearance changing imperceptibly as he predicted.
ART AND ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS
1. Tilings
1.1. Painting
2.2. Drawings
1.3. Tapestry
1.4. Ceramic Tiling
1.5. Carpet
2. Structures
SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
1. FRACTALS are mathematical patterns that are scale

invariant. This means that the shape of the pattern does not
depend on how closely you look at it. Self-similarity is
found in fractals.
TEST YOURSELF
What is the next number in the series?
2. What is a SEQUENCE?
SEQUENCE
It is an ordered list of numbers, called

terms, that may have repeated values. The
arrangement of these terms is set by a
definite rule.
3. What is the significance of
PATTERNS or SEQUENCES in
our world?
SOME USES OF PATTERNS
/SEQUENCES
Studying PATTERNS allows one to observe, hypothesize, discover,
and create.
1. Human Behavior
2. Astronomy (e.g. galaxies, weather patterns, etc.)
3. Architecture
4. Biology
5. Physics
4. What is the RELATIONSHIP of
mathematics with these PATTERNS
/SEQUENCES?
Mathematics is the study of patterns. Many
results in mathematics come about as
generalizations of patterns in numbers and
shapes. Those who recognize, generalize,
and use patterns around them are better at
solving problems, have deeper appreciation
of the uses of mathematics, and are better
equipped to work with mathematics than
those who do not.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
13 – 3 – 2 – 21 – 1 – 1 – 8 – 5
O, Draconian Devil!
Oh, lame Saint!
Secret Code
From Dan Brown’s best – selling Novel
THE DA VINCI CODE
TEST YOURSELF
Use Binet’s Formula to determine the

25th, 30th, and 50th Fibonacci
numbers.
GOLDEN RATIO
In Mathematics and the arts, two quantities are in a
golden ration if their ratio is the same as the ratio of
their sum to the larger of the two quantities.
RATIOS OF THE FIBONACCI NUMBERS
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …
USES OF THE FIBONACCI NUMBERS
1.Aesthetics
2.Architecture
3.Painting
4.Design
5.Music
6.Nature
7.Optimization
GOLDEN RECTANGLE AND THE
SPIRAL
Geometrically, the Golden Ratio can also be

visualized as a rectangle perfectly formed by a
square and another rectangle, which can be
repeated infinitely inside each section.
USES OF THE GOLDEN RATIO
The Golden Ratio shows up in art, architecture, music, and

nature.
Examples:
1. Mona Lisa
2. Notre Dame Cathedral
3. Parthenon
4. Seurat’s Bathers
5. Vitruvian Man
6. DNA
GROUP WORK
Discuss the following next meeting:

• Rabbits
• Bees
• Dudeney’s Cows
• The Golden Ratio and the Human Body

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THE NATURE OF

1. What is MATHEMATICS for you?

Mathematics is defined as the science of PATTERNS

However, people still ask: What is it exactly

“The abstract science which investigates deductively the conclusions

“Mathematics is the language of physical sciences and certainly no

Based on the video you watched, write an essay

What is the next figure in the pattern below?

A pattern is a repeated arrangement of numbers,

Sometimes, patterns are also known as SEQUENCE.

1. FRACTALS are mathematical patterns that are scale

It is an ordered list of numbers, called

Use Binet’s Formula to determine the

Geometrically, the Golden Ratio can also be

The Golden Ratio shows up in art, architecture, music, and

Discuss the following next meeting:

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