The AI Problem What Is An AI Technique Turing Test

Ch : 1 what is AI?
The AI problem
What is an AI technique
Turing test
Prepared by : Asst. prof. Ami charadava

What is Artificial Intelligence?
•AI is study of how to make machines do thing
which at the moment people do better.
•AI system works like human brain, where a

machine or software shows intelligence while
performing given task.
4 approaches to define AI:
 Thinking humanly
 Acting humanly
 Thinking rationally
 Acting rationally
Q: What is the significance of the
“Turing test” in AI? Explain how it
is performed. – GTU 2019
Acting humanly
 The Turing test approach
Turing test : Can computer think?
 In 1950, Alan Turing introduced a test to check

whether a machine can think like a human or not,
this test is known as the Turing Test.
 Turing proposed that the computer can be said to

be an intelligent if it can mimic(copy) human
response under specific conditions.
How to conduct Turing test?
 This game involves three players :
one player is Computer,
another player is human responder, and the third
player is a human Interrogator
 human Interrogator is isolated from other two

players.
 The interrogator job is to try and figure out which
one is human and which one is computer by
asking questions from both of them.
 Interrogator needs to identify this on the basis of

questions and their responses.
 computer would try to indistinguishable from

human as much as possible.
 The conversation between interrogator and
computer would be like this:
 C(Interrogator): Are you a computer?

A(Computer): No
 C: Multiply one large number to another,
158745887 * 56755647
A: After a long pause, an incorrect answer!
 C: Add 5478012, 4563145
A: (Pause about 20 second and then give as
answer)10041157
Conclusion
 In this game, if an interrogator would not be able
to identify which is a machine and which is
human, then the computer passes the test
successfully, and the machine is said to be
intelligent and can think like a human.
 Examples: chatbots like ok google, alexa, siri.
Features required for a machine to pass the Turing test:
 Natural language processing:

 Knowledge representation:
 Automated reasoning:
 Machine learning:
 Vision (For total Turing test):
 Motor Control (For total Turing test):
 Natural language processing: NLP is required
to communicate with Interrogator in general
human language like English.
 Knowledge representation: To store and

retrieve information during the test.
 Automated reasoning: To use the previously

stored information for answering the questions.
 Machine learning: To adapt new changes and
can detect generalized patterns.
 Vision (For total Turing test): To recognize the

interrogator actions and other objects during a
test.
 Motor Control (For total Turing test): To act

upon objects if requested.
Task domain of AI:
 Mundane(ordinary) task:
 Perception:
› Vision
› Speech
 Natural language:
› Understanding
› Generation
› Translation
 Common sense reasoning:
 Robot control:
 Formal task:
 Games :
› Chess
› Backgammon
› Checkers-go
 Mathematics :
› Geometry
› Logic
› Integral calculus
› Proving properties of programs
 Expert task:
 Engineering :
› Design
› Fault finding
› Manufacturing planning
 Scientific analysis:
 Medical diagnosis:
 Financial analysis:
Ai problems:
 Discuss types of problems requiring
intelligence to solve it.
 Classic AI search problems:
› 3*3*3 rubik’s cube problem:
› 8 – puzzle problem:
› N – queen problem:
› The river problem:
3*3*3 rubik’s cube:
 We have cube with six color faces.
(yellow,green,blue,white,red,orange)
 The goal is to arrange all cuboids in such a
way that each face of cube will show distinct
color .
as shown in the fig
8 – puzzle problem:
1 2 3 1 2 3
4 5 6 4 6
7 8 7 5 8
Initial state Goal state
 In 8 puzzle there are 8 tiles need to be arranged
in a way showed in the goal state.
 The condition is only the blank tile can be
moved to immediate up,down,left,right
positions and the goal state is to be attained in
minimum number of moves.
N- queen problem:
Q
Q
Q
Q
 In N queen problem, the queen need to be

placed on the n*n board, in such a way that no
queen can dash the other queen,
horizontally,vertically,or diagonally.
The river problem
 In this problem farmer need to carry a wolf,a
goat(duck) and cabbage(corn) across a river.
 The farmer has small boat which can carry at
most farmer and one other thing.
 The problem is that a wolf will eat goat and a
goat will eat the cabbage if they are at the same
side.
 How can farmer safely transport the wolf,goat
and cabbage to opposite side of river.
Ai technique:
 AI has very broad variety of problems. different
problem require different approaches or
technique to solve them.
 Intelligence require knowledge.
 Knowledge possess following properties:
› It is huge.
› Is not well organized and well formatted.
› It is constantly changing.
› It is complicated.
› Hard to characterize accurately.
Three important AI technique:
 Search : provide a way of solving problem.
 Use of knowledge: provide a way of solving
complex problems by exploiting the structure of
the object that are involved.
 Abstraction: provide a way of separating
important features and variations from many
unimportant ones that would otherwise overwhelm
any process.
Classification of AI:
 Weak AI: study and design of machines that
perform intelligent tasks. Not concerned with
how tasks are performed.
Concerned with performance and efficiency. Eg:
to make a flying machine
use logic and physics don’t mimic a bird.
 Strong AI: Study and design of machines that
simulate(replicate or duplicate the behaviour) the
human mind to perform intelligent task.
 Evolutionary AI: study and design of machines that
simulate simple creature and attempt to evolve and
higher level emergent behaviour . Exa: ants , bees
etc.
Application of AI:
 Gaming:
 Natural language processing:
 Expert system:
 Computer vision system:
 Speech recognition:
 Handwriting recognition:
 Intelligent robots:
Gtu questions:
 Define AI.
 Discuss types of problem requiring intelligence
to solve it.
 What is AI? what are task domains of AI?
 What is the significance of the “Turing test” in
AI? Explain how it is performed.
Thank you

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Ch : 1 what is AI?

Prepared by : Asst. prof. Ami charadava

•AI system works like human brain, where a

 In 1950, Alan Turing introduced a test to check

 Turing proposed that the computer can be said to

 human Interrogator is isolated from other two

 Interrogator needs to identify this on the basis of

 computer would try to indistinguishable from

 C(Interrogator): Are you a computer?

 Natural language processing:

 Knowledge representation: To store and

 Automated reasoning: To use the previously

 Vision (For total Turing test): To recognize the

 Motor Control (For total Turing test): To act

 In N queen problem, the queen need to be

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