Historical Background of Philippine Democratic Politics
Historical Background of Philippine Democratic Politics
Historical Background of Philippine Democratic Politics
Historical
Background of
Philippine Democratic
Politics
1. PRE-COLONIAL ERA
The barangay is the earliest known
system of government.
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2. Coming of the west (1521)
Ferdinand Magellan landed on
the island called Homonhon,
naming it as Islas de San Lazaro.
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2. Coming of the west (1521)
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The Drive For Nationhood
Propaganda Movement – process of
sociopolitical aspiration for reforms
after the hardships and sacrifices
under the Spanish tyranny
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August 23, 1896 – “Cry of Pugad Lawin”
(Balintawak)
⬗ They tore down their cedulas in
opposition to the Spanish
government
⬗ They shouted “Mabuhay ang
Katipunan, Mabuhay ang Kalayaan
(Long Live Katipunan, Love Live
Philippine Independence!)
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TWO FACTIONS OF KATIPUNAN
⬗ Magdiwang – led by Mariano Alvarez
⬗ Magdalo – led by Baldomero Aguinaldo
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Composition of the Revolutionary Government
President: Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President: Mariano Trias Aguinaldo was the first and
youngest President of the
Captain General: Artemio Ricarte
Philippines.
Director of War: Emiliano Reigo de Dios
Director of Interior: Pascual Alvarez THE AGREEMENT AT
Director of State: Jacinto Lumbreras BIAK NA BATO
Director of Finance: Baldomero Aguinaldo (December 13-14, 1897)
Director of Commerce: Mariano Alvarez
Director of Justice: Severino de las Alas
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On JUNE 12, 1898 – Aguinaldo declared the
independence of the Philippines in Kawit, Cavite,
establishing the First Philippine Republic
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THE MALOLOS CONGRESS
(“the crystallization of
democracy”)
- opened in Malolos, Bulacan
Province on September 15,
1898 to draw up a
constitution for the First
Philippine Republic
- **The Malolos
Constitution was the first
important Filipino
document ever produced
by the people’s
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representative.
THE MALOLOS CONGRESS
(“the crystallization of
democracy”)
- A Filipino state whose
government was
“popular,
representative and
responsible” with
three distinct
branches – executive,
legislative and
judicial.
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republic of the
Philippines
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INAUGURATION OF THE FIRST
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
- January 23, 1899 – the First
Philippine Republic known
as the Malolos Republic
was inaugurated Barasoain
Church, Malolos, Bulacan
Province
- “to live under the
democratic regime of the
Philippine Republic, free
from the yoke of any
foreign domination.”
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STRAINED RELATIONS
⬗ August 13, 1898 – Mock Battle of Manila,
the US captured the city from the
Spanish
⬗ Treaty of Paris - was a treaty signed by
Spain and the United States, that ended
the Spanish–American War
(US$20,000,000.00)
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American Government (1901-1935)
Philippine Organic Act –
a constitution for the Insular
Government, so called because
of Philippine civil
administration was under the
authority of the U.S Bureau of
Insular Affairs.
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COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT
A political community founded for the
common good. It is founded on law and
united by compact or tact agreement of
the people.
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WORLD WAR II and JAPANESE OCCUPATION
December 8, 1941 – Japan launched a
surprise attack on the Clark Air Base
in Pampanga just ten hours after the
attack on Pearl Harbor
The PH and U.S troops are under the
command of General Douglas
MacArthur.
President Quezon and Osmena had
accompanied the troops to Corregidor
and later left for the US where they
set up a government in exile.
Jose P. Laurel – Puppet Government
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INDEPENDENT PHILIPPINES AND
THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1946-1975)
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
-first president of the independent
Republic of the Philippines (Bell Trade Act)
Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
-second president of the RPH
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
- “Guerilla Forces of Western Luzon
after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor”
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INDEPENDENT PHILIPPINES AND
THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1946-1975)
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
-Filipino First Policy
Diosdado Macapagal
-Agrarian Reform
- “the poor boy from Lubao”
-The Incorruptible
- Agricultural Land Reform
FOURTH REPUBLIC
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
- the longest period of presidency (21 years)
- Martial Law (PP1)
- THIS COUNTRY WILL BE GREAT
AGAIN.
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FIFTH REPUBLIC
Fidel Ramos (1992-1998)
- Special Forces of the Philippine Army
- Economic Tiger of Asia
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PRESIDENTS OF THE
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PHILIPPINES