Certain crystals like calcite and quartz exhibit the phenomenon of double refraction, where a single ray of light entering the crystal is split into two refracted rays. The ordinary ray (o-ray) and extraordinary ray (e-ray) have different refractive indices, with the o-ray having a higher refractive index. An optic axis is a line in the crystal where a light ray enters parallel and is not split into two rays. When light enters perpendicular to the optic axis, the two rays are not split but travel at different velocities along the same path.
Certain crystals like calcite and quartz exhibit the phenomenon of double refraction, where a single ray of light entering the crystal is split into two refracted rays. The ordinary ray (o-ray) and extraordinary ray (e-ray) have different refractive indices, with the o-ray having a higher refractive index. An optic axis is a line in the crystal where a light ray enters parallel and is not split into two rays. When light enters perpendicular to the optic axis, the two rays are not split but travel at different velocities along the same path.
Certain crystals like calcite and quartz exhibit the phenomenon of double refraction, where a single ray of light entering the crystal is split into two refracted rays. The ordinary ray (o-ray) and extraordinary ray (e-ray) have different refractive indices, with the o-ray having a higher refractive index. An optic axis is a line in the crystal where a light ray enters parallel and is not split into two rays. When light enters perpendicular to the optic axis, the two rays are not split but travel at different velocities along the same path.
Certain crystals like calcite and quartz exhibit the phenomenon of double refraction, where a single ray of light entering the crystal is split into two refracted rays. The ordinary ray (o-ray) and extraordinary ray (e-ray) have different refractive indices, with the o-ray having a higher refractive index. An optic axis is a line in the crystal where a light ray enters parallel and is not split into two rays. When light enters perpendicular to the optic axis, the two rays are not split but travel at different velocities along the same path.
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Double refraction
Double refraction: The phenomenon of production of two refracted rays by certain crystal of calcite or quartz is known as double refraction. O – ray = ordinary ray E – ray = extra ordinary Optic axis: A line drawn through A making equal angles with each of the three edges gives the direction of the optic axis. In fact any line parallel to this line is also an optic axis. A,H = Blunt corner of rhombohedra in which all the angles of the faces are obtuse Double refraction . . .
• the fig From i = angle of incidence r = angle of refraction µo = refractive index of o – ray µe = refractive index of e – ray Then µo = and µe = Such that µo > µ e Velocity of o – ray be less than e – ray in the crystal Double refraction . . .
Cases: a) The vibration of e – ray and o – ray are always perpendicular to each other. b) When a ray of light incident on calcite parallel to its optic axis, it is not splitted up into o – ray and e – ray. In this case, o – ray and e – ray moves along same direction with same velocity c) When a ray of light incident perpendicular to optic axis on calcite crystal, it is not split up into o – ray and e – ray. In this case, o – ray and e – ray moves along same direction but with different velocities. Double refraction . . .
Cases: a) The vibration of e – ray and o – ray are always perpendicular to each other. b) When a ray of light incident on calcite parallel to its optic axis, it is not split up into o – ray and e – ray. In this case, o – ray and e – ray moves along same direction with same velocity c) When a ray of light incident perpendicular to optic axis on calcite crystal, it is not split up into o – ray and e – ray. In this case, o – ray and e – ray moves along same direction but with different velocities.
