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    Abdominal Hernia

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    Dhanya Mathew
    An abdominal hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through the abdominal wall. Hernias are caused by congenital weakness or acquired weakness from injury, aging, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal or femoral, and by severity such as reducible, incarcerated, or strangulated. Symptoms include a bulging mass that increases with straining and disappears when lying down. Treatment options include trusses, surgery to remove the hernia sac and reinforce the abdominal wall, or laparoscopic repair. Complications can include bowel obstruction or hernia recurrence.

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    Abdominal Hernia

    Uploaded by

    Dhanya Mathew
    149 views19 pages
    An abdominal hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through the abdominal wall. Hernias are caused by congenital weakness or acquired weakness from injury, aging, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal or femoral, and by severity such as reducible, incarcerated, or strangulated. Symptoms include a bulging mass that increases with straining and disappears when lying down. Treatment options include trusses, surgery to remove the hernia sac and reinforce the abdominal wall, or laparoscopic repair. Complications can include bowel obstruction or hernia recurrence.

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    An abdominal hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through the abdominal wall. Hernias are caused by congenital weakness or acquired weakness from injury, aging, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal or femoral, and by severity such as reducible, incarcerated, or strangulated. Symptoms include a bulging mass that increases with straining and disappears when lying down. Treatment options include trusses, surgery to remove the hernia sac and reinforce the abdominal wall, or laparoscopic repair. Complications can include bowel obstruction or hernia recurrence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    149 views19 pages

    Abdominal Hernia

    Uploaded by

    Dhanya Mathew
    An abdominal hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through the abdominal wall. Hernias are caused by congenital weakness or acquired weakness from injury, aging, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal or femoral, and by severity such as reducible, incarcerated, or strangulated. Symptoms include a bulging mass that increases with straining and disappears when lying down. Treatment options include trusses, surgery to remove the hernia sac and reinforce the abdominal wall, or laparoscopic repair. Complications can include bowel obstruction or hernia recurrence.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    ABDOMINAL

    HERNIA
    INTRODUCTION
    A hernia is a protrusion of an
    organ, tissue, or structure
    through the wall of the cavity in
    which it is normally contained. It
    is often called a rupture.
    CAUSES
    Results from congenital or acquired
    weakness (traumatic injury, aging) of
    the abdominal wall.
    May result from increased intra-
    abdominal pressure due to heavy
    lifting, obesity, pregnancy, straining,
    coughing, or proximity to tumor.
    CLASSIFICATION BY SITE
    •Inguinal hernia into the inguinal canal
    (more common in males)
    •Indirect inguinal due to a weakness of
    the abdominal wall at the point through
    which the spermatic cord emerges in the
    male and the round ligament in the
    female. Through this opening, the hernia
    extends down the inguinal canal and
    often into scrotum or labia.
    •Direct inguinal passes through
    the posterior inguinal wall;
    more difficult to repair than
    indirect inguinal hernia.
    •Femoral hernia into the femoral canal,
    appearing below the inguinal ligament
    (Poupart's ligament; ie, below the groin).
    •Umbilical intestinal protrusion at the
    umbilicus due to failure of umbilical
    orifice to close. Occurs most often in
    obese women, children, and in patients
    with increased intra-abdominal pressure
    from cirrhosis and ascites.
    •Ventral or incisional intestinal
    protrusion due to weakness at the
    abdominal wall; may occur after
    impaired incisional healing due to
    infection or drainage.
    •Peristomal hernia through the
    fascial defect around a stoma and
    into the subcutaneous tissue.
    CLASSIFICATION BY
    SEVERITY
    •Reducible the protruding mass can be
    placed back into abdominal cavity.
    •Irreducible the protruding mass cannot
    be moved back into the abdomen.
    •Incarcerated an irreducible hernia in
    which the intestinal flow is completely
    obstructed.
    •Strangulated an irreducible hernia
    in which the blood and intestinal
    flow are completely obstructed;
    develops when the loop of intestine
    in the sac becomes twisted or
    swollen and a constriction is
    produced at the neck of the sac.
    CLINICAL
    MANIFESTATIONS
    •Bulging over herniated area appears when
    patient stands or strains, and disappears when
    supine.
    •Hernia tends to increase in size and recurs
    with intra-abdominal pressure.
    •Strangulated hernia presents with pain,
    vomiting, swelling of hernial sac, lower
    abdominal signs of peritoneal irritation, fever.
    DIAGNOSIS
    •Abdominal X-rays reveal abnormally
    high levels of gas in the bowel.
    •Laboratory studies (complete blood
    count, electrolytes) may show
    hemoconcentration (increased
    hematocrit), dehydration (increased or
    decreased sodium), and elevated white
    blood cell (WBC) count, if incarcerated.
    MANAGEMENT
    •Mechanical (reducible hernia only).
    • A truss is an appliance with a pad and belt that is
    held snugly over a hernia to prevent abdominal
    contents from entering the hernial sac. A truss
    provides external compression over the defect
    and should be removed at night and reapplied in
    the morning before patient arises. This
    nonsurgical approach may be used only when a
    patient is not a surgical candidate.
    • Peristomal hernia is often managed
    with a hernia support belt with
    Velcro, which is placed around an
    ostomy pouching system (similar to a
    truss).
    • Conservative measures no heavy
    lifting, straining at stool, or other
    measures that would increase intra-
    abdominal pressure.
    Surgical recommended to correct
    hernia before strangulation
    occurs, which then becomes an
    emergency situation.
    Herniorrhaphy removal of hernial
    sac; contents replaced into the
    abdomen; layers of muscle and
    fascia sutured. Laparoscopic
    herniorrhaphy is a possibility and
    often performed as outpatient
    procedure.
    • Hernioplasty involves
    reinforcement of suturing (often
    with mesh) for extensive hernia
    repair.
    • Strangulated hernia requires
    resection of ischemic bowel in
    addition to repair of hernia.
    COMPLICATIONS
    Bowel obstruction
    Recurrence of hernia
    NURSING ASSESSMENT
    •Ask patient if hernia is enlarging and
    uncomfortable, reducible or irreducible;
    determine relationship to exertion and
    activities.
    •Assess bowel sounds and determine bowel
    pattern.
    •Determine if patient is exhibiting signs
    and symptoms of strangulation, such as
    distention, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Chronic Pain related to bulging hernia
    (mechanical)
    Acute Pain related to surgical
    procedure
    Risk for Infection related to emergency
    procedure for strangulated or
    incarcerated hernia

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