Design of Lighting Lumen Method Point by Point Method

CONTENTS
DESIGN OF LIGHTING
LUMEN METHOD
POINT BY POINT METHOD
STEPS IN LIGHTING DESIGN PROCESS
To achieve the best overall outcome in a lighting installation, it is important to avoid the tendency of rushing
straight into luminaire selection before determining more broadly what is required from the system. The use of a
structured design process helps to avoid this.
1) Identifying the requirements

This involves gaining a full understanding of what the lighting installation is intended to achieve. This
includes the following:
 Task Requirements ?
• Illuminance
• Glare
 Mood of the space
 Relation to shape of space
 Things to be emphasized
 Things to hide
 Direction of light
 Interaction of daylight
2) Determine the method of lighting
At this stage, consideration is given to how the light is to be delivered, e.g. will it be recessed, surface
mounted, direct or indirect, or will up-lighting be used, and its primary characteristics, e.g. will it be prismatic,
low brightness or mellow light.
Consideration should be given at this stage to the use of daylight to minimize the need for artificial light.
3) Select the lighting equipment
Once the method of lighting has been selected, the most appropriate light source can then
be chosen followed by the luminaire.
The following attributes should be studied when A number of factors also affect luminaire
choosing the light source: choice
Characteristics of the light source and control
Light output (lumens)
gear
Total input wattage
Luminaire efficiency (% lamp light output
Efficacy (lumens per Watt)
transmitted out of the fixture)
Lifetime
Light distribution
Physical size
Glare control
Surface brightness / glare
Finish and appearance
Colour characteristics
Size
Electrical characteristics
Accessibility of components for maintenance
Requirement for control gear
Ability to handle adverse operating conditions
Compatibility with existing electrical system
Aesthetics
Suitability for the operating environment
Thermal management
LIGHTING CALCULATION METHODS
Lumen Method : Determines average light levels in large open areas.
Point Calculation Method: Determines light levels at a specific point on an object or surface.
The Lumen Method
By calculating average value of illuminance levels:
Extract the equation

 Average value of Lumens distributed evenly over
surface
 Used for surfaces in large, simple, open areas with
simple layout
 Recall: illuminance is light ONTO a surface.
 Based on the unit definition of a Foot-candle
For solving problems lighting one needs:
 To determine how much light is needed then how many fixtures are
needed
 Determine area receiving light (usually task surface, floor or work plane)
Define the desired illuminance (in foot-candles):
The first method for lighting design which was Lumen method is used to calculate average illuminance
for places having uniform lighting distribution, but this method , for example, can’t answer the
following questions:
What is the illuminance on a wall display from a spotlight aimed at the display?
How much light is striking a point on the façade of a building or in a parking lot from a floodlight?
The only way for getting answers for above questions is by applying point to point method for lighting
design.
Three Factors must be considered for applying the Point by point method:
• Luminous intensity,
• Distance,
• Orientation of the surface.
1- Luminous Intensity(I)
The luminous intensity (candelas) is the strength (intensity) of the light produced in a specific direction.
Or
It is Luminous Flux in a certain direction, radiated per unit of solid angle.
It’s unit is candela.
The luminous intensity of any light source is compiled

graphically into diagrams known as candela or candlepower
distribution curves. Both polar and Cartesian graphs are used
within the lighting industry for this purpose.
Candlepower Distribution Curve
A curve, generally polar, represents the variation of luminous intensity of a lamp or luminaire in a plane through
the light center.
The luminous intensity (I) is determined using the photometric data for the specific luminaire used and the angular
relationship between the luminaire aiming direction and the direction from the luminaire to the calculation point.
There are three types of Candlepower Distribution Curve as follows:

A- Rotational symmetrical B- Planar symmetrical C- Asymmetrical
Light distribution same in all Luminaire distribution is confined Asymmetry present in one of the
planes. Usually Circular or to two vertical planes separately. Planes of measurement.
‘Bowl shaped’ luminaire Typical distribution for Fluorescent
Lamp luminaires and Road Lighting
2- Distance
Distance between a surface and the source affects the illuminance (luminous flux per unit of area) striking that surface
Surface of a given area that is closer to the source captures a larger portion of the flux in the cone than a surface of the
same given area that is further away
Considering the luminous intensity as the luminous flux (lumens) leaving a source in a cone traveling in a specific
direction, as the area increases the illuminance decreases while the luminous flux remains the same.
Inverse Square Law
It states that the cross-sectional area of the cone increases with the
square of the distance from the source.
Therefore, the illuminance on this surface varies inversely with the
square of the distance from the source.
Inverse Square Law states that

E = I/ d2
Where:
E = Illuminance on the surface
I = Luminous intensity of the source in the direction of the surface
d = Distance from the source to the surface
3- Orientation of the Surface
Surface orientation is included in the Inverse Square Law by adding a

cos θ term:
E = I/ d2 cos θ
Where:
θ is the angle between the light ray coming from the source to the point,
and a line that is perpendicular (normal) to the plane or surface on which
the illuminance is being measured or calculated (see fig.).
Example :
This example will consider the illuminance at a single point on a horizontal surface from a single luminaire straight down, given
that:
D = 2.13 m
θ = 15°
LLF = 0.85
I = 2200 candelas
Calculate the illuminance level on this point.
Answer:
Using the equation;
E = I/ d2 x cos θ x LLFTOTAL
E = 2200 cd x cos 15° x 0.85 / 2.13 m2
E = 398 lux (maintained)
This tells us that 398 lux will strike the point in question directly from the luminaire and no reflected light is calculated.
The answer is a maintained illuminance level since a light loss factor of 0.85 was included to account for the loss of light
over time due to reduced lumen output of the lamp and dirt on the luminaire surfaces.

Design of Lighting Lumen Method Point by Point Method

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Lighting Lumen Method Point by Point Method

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Lighting Lumen Method Point by Point Method

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CONTENTS

1) Identifying the requirements

Extract the equation

The luminous intensity of any light source is compiled

There are three types of Candlepower Distribution Curve as follows:

Inverse Square Law states that

Surface orientation is included in the Inverse Square Law by adding a

You might also like