Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Cell no.+91 9898231676

email ID : [email protected]
 : Job Profile :

1.       All type of  new Vapour Absorption chiller supplier (Through OEM).
2.       All type of second hand Vapour Absorption chiller supplier.
3.       All type of Vapour Absorption chiller service provider / AMC.
4.       All type of  Vapour Absorption chiller spares supplier.
5.       HVAC system supplier (AHU, FCU, Window AC, Split AC, etc..).
6.       HVAC system Service provider (AHU, FCU, Window AC, Split AC, etc..).
7.       Utility operation & maintenance contact provider.
8.       HVAC, Utility & Project piping.
9.       All type of new Electrical chiller supplier ( Reciprocating, Screw, etc.)
(Through OEM).
10.    All type of second hand Electrical chiller supplier
( Reciprocating, Screw, etc.).
What is Vapour Absorption ?

‘Vapour Absorption is a cooling

technology that utilizes heat as a
major source of energy to
produce cooling’
 Why Vapour Absorption ?

 Power Cost

 Power availability

 Alternative fuels cannot be utilized

 Low grade, waste energy needs to be utilized to reduce

operating costs
 There is a need for CFC free technology
 Advantages of Vapour Absorption

 Runs on low grade heat, giving savings on operating cost

 Saves on investments on Power backup

 Efficient part load performance with automatic control

 No moving parts, thus no noise and vibrations

 Low maintenance equipment

 CFC free, eco-friendly technology
What Heat Sources Can be utilized ?
 Steam
• Steam from Exhaust Gas Boiler
• Steam from Solid Fuel Boiler
• Back Pressure Steam from turbine
• Excess Steam available in plant
• Steam from Agro waste fired Boiler
 Hot Water
• HT hot water from Gensets
• Hot water from process
• Any other source of Hot water
 Fuels like Natural Gas, SKO,
 EXHAUST GASES CUM JACKET WATER OF GEN SETS
 HOW DOES THE

VAPOUR ABSORPTION

WORK
Basics
 LiBr (Lithium Bromide)
 Hygroscopic Nature
 Properties
 Water
 Properties

8
9
10
11
12
 OLD CYCLE HTG

160°C
TRAP
43°C 107°C
130°C
DHE LTHE HR HTHE
80°C
39°C
FLOW 100% 70°C
CONDENSATE OUT
95°C

B4K CYCLE HTG

170°C
Ball Valve

170°C
39°C 74°C 140°C
LTHE HTHE
39°C 145°C
70°C
DHE HR
NEEDLE VALVE CONDENSATE OUT
95°C
FLOW 15% S
Single effect VAM
Double Effect VAM
Dou ble Effect St ea m Fir ed Cycle Dia gr a m
S TEAM CONTROL VALVE

LTG
CONDENS ER

HIGH
TEMPERATURE
GENERATOR

HIGH TEMP HEAT

EXCHANGER

REF BLOWDOWN
VALVE
HEAT RECLAIMER

S OLENOID VALVE

REFRIGERANT PUMP
ABS ORBENT PUMP LOW TEMP HEAT EXCHANGER
PURGE OVER FLOW PIPE
PUMP
 Sin gle Effect Stea m Dr iven
Pr oCh ill Ser ies Flow Cycle S TEAM CONTROL VALVE
GENERATOR
CONDENS ER

REFR BLOW
DOWN VALVE

REFRIGERANT PUMP
ABS ORBENT PUMP LOW TEMP HEAT EXCHANGER
PURGE OVER FLOW PIPE
PUMP

18
SUPPLIMENTARY FIRED EXHAUST GAS DRIVEN SINGLE DOUBLE EFFECT ABSORPTION
MACHINE
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Switch ON the panel Board.
Check the vacuum in the shell by
Starting the vacuum pump and
opening the valve No.1 & No.3 .
It should be below 15mmHg.
In case the vacuum is more, Run
the vacuum pump till the desired
vacuum is attained.
STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
 Open the chilled water flow.
Keep ‘P’ at specified value.
 Open the cooling water flow
and adjust the ‘P’ at specified
value. Check the temperature ,
it should be above 20 deg.C
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Keep the switches in the following
position.
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Put ON the operation switch.
1. The absorbent pump will start.
2. Pump will run intermediately
depending on the level in the H.T.
Generator.
3. Refrigerant pump will start and will
run depending on the level in the
evaporator.
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
4. Steam control valve will open
gradually.
5. Steam control valve will be
Operating through slow opening
circuit taking 10 minutes for full
Opening.
The machine will run in ‘AUTO’ mode
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Steam control valve controls the
input of the steam depending on
the chilled water outlet temperature.
Note down all the specified readings
after every hour.
 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Switch OFF command on the PLC
panel.

Steam control valve will close

gradually.

Machine goes into ‘DILUTION CYCLE’

 STARTING ‘n’ STOPPING
Refrigerant pump stops after 4 mins.
Cooling water pump stops after 4
mins.
Absorbent pump keeps running ON &
OFF based on the HTG level.
After 20 mins. ’Dilution Cycle’
completes & Absorbent pump stops.
Stop the chilled water pump.
Do’s for Vapour Absorption
Chiller
 Blow down refrigerant once in a week for 20
minutes.
 Purge of non condensable gases from the purge
unit, if the storage tank vacuum is more than
15mm of Hg.
 Close the main steam isolation valve after
switching off the machine.
 Maintain inlet steam pressure constant.
 Check the presence of Octyl Alcohol and
corrosion Inhibitor periodically.
Do’s for Vapour Absorption
Chiller
 Check the chilled water inlet and outlet temperature
using mercury thermometer only.
 Analysis of cooling and chilled water once in a
month. Maintain the specified quality of chilled and
cooling water.
 Stop the cooling water flow 5 minutes after putting
the machine in dilution cycle.
 Change the vacuum pump oil, if contaminated.
 Charge nitrogen gas up to 0.3 Kg/Cm2 in the system
for a long shut down of the machine (more than one
month) . If the shut down is for a shorter period,
purge the machine for 20 minutes twice in a week.
Dont’s for Vapour
Absorption Chiller
 Don’t open any of the service valves in the machine.
 Don’t increase overload setting of any motor even if
overload alarm comes.
 Don’t run the vacuum pump continuously.
 Don’t let the temperature of cooling water fall below
22 degree centigrade. Maintain it by stopping the
cooling tower fan.
 Don’t decrease the chilled water flow below the
specified value.
 Don’t remove the bulb of antifreeze thermostat from
the thermo well provided.
Dont’s for Vapour
Absorption Chiller
 Don’t open any of the valves in the purge unit
without running vacuum pump.
 Don’t try to run the machine by pressing the
reset button, during any of the interlock
trouble.
 Don’t disturb the setting of any instrument
provided in the machine.
 Don’t put refrigerant pump and steam control
valve operational switch in manual during the
normal operation of the machine.
SAFETIES & INTERLOCKS
( 1 ) Chilled Water Pump Interlock.
• Machine Will Operate if Chilled water pump in
operation – Field Wiring.
( 2 ) Chilled Water Pump to Cooling Water Pump
Interlock.
• Chilled water pump ON – Cooling water pump
ON- Field wiring.
• Incase chilled water is not dedicated to VAC then auto
shut off valve to be provided.
( 3 ) Chilled Water Flow Switch.
• VAC will trip if chilled water flow is less than 50% of
rated quantity.
 SAFETIES & INTERLOCKS
( 4 ) Chilled Water Differential Pressure
Switch.
• Pressure Drop of chilled water is
less than 50% rated – VAC will trip.
( 5 ) Low Temperature Cut Off.
• Refrigerant pump will stop incase
chilled water outlet temp. goes lower
than set point .
Setting – 3.9 deg.C
 SAFETIES & INTERLOCKS
( 6 ) Antifreeze Thermostat
• Incase chilled water temperature goes vary
low VAC will stop.
Settings : 3.9 Deg. C
( 7 ) Generator Temperature High.
• Incase Generator temp goes above set point
Settings :
A : Steam Fired Single Effect – 105 Deg.C
B : Steam Fired Double Effect – 160 Deg. C
C : Direct Fired – 160 Deg.C
D : Modular Machine – 170 Deg. C
E : L Series Machine – 170 Deg. C
 SAFETIES & INTERLOCKS
( 8 ) Burner Trip.
• Incase Burner not Responding / Flame
failure / Ignition Problem.
( 9 ) Level Controller.
• Absorbent Level Relay – Avoids carry
of over LiBr.
• Refrigerant Level Relay – Protect
Refrigerant pump from Cavitation.
 MAINTANANCE
( 1 ) DAILY :
• Operate Vacuum Pump with Gas.
Blast valve open for 20 minutes.
• Check Cooling tower Water level & maintain if required.
• Maintain Log book hourly basis.
• Check chilled water inlet & outlet pressure.
• Check / Maintain inlet steam pressure & Temperature.

(2) WEEKLY:
• Blow down of Refrigerant.
• Draining of moisture from air filter regulator.
• Check oil level in Purge pump.
 MAINTANANCE
(3) Monthly

 Replace oil in purge pump & cleaned if required

 Working of PLC / Relay panel

(4) Quarterly

 Analysis of LiBr ( 1500 ppm for chromate & 150 ppm

for moly )
 Analysis of Cooling water
 Checking of Safeties & Interlock
 MAINTANANCE
(5) Yearly
 Cleaning of Evaporator / Absorber / condenser
tubes – chemical & Mechanical as per
requirement.
 Charging of Nitrogen (N2) and replacing rubber
components.
 LiBr filtration if required
Function of Octyl alcohol:
Surface active agent in the absorber, results in better
wettability and heat transfer.

Refrigerant vapour

Tube

Solution concentration becomes

uniform at this point
 HOW DOES THE

VAPOUR ABSORPTION

CREATE AND MAINTAIN

VACUUM
42
43
CRYSTALISATION
CRYSTALISATION
 Crystallisation of LiBr occurs when LiBr
percentage in solution is more than that
can be dissolved in the solution at specific
temperature.
When crystalisation occurs?
Low solubility

Low solution High Both

temperature concentration together

46
Start of crystallization /
minor crystallization
 Pump delivers LiBr to generator
 Due to minor crystallization resistance on spray side of LTHE
increase
 Return flow to absorber lowers
 Absorber out flow > return flow(Absorber in)
 Absorber level starts dropping
 Less return flow means lower absorption of water vapour from
evaporator
 Evaporator level rises
 Over flow pipe becomes hot

47
100 %
Valve Opening

0%
10
0

Con ce n tr a tion
Distan ce from cryst. line

48
When crystallisation occurs?
•Low solution temperature
 Cooling water temperature low
 Dilute solution temperature low
 LTHE spray solution temperature low
 Low solubility
 Crystallisation

49
 When crystallization occurs?
 High concentration
 Excess heat input due to
 High steam pressure
 Faulty control valve / control mechanism
 Steam control valve bypass open
 Contamination of LiBr in evaporator
 Air ingrace
 Low solution flow from pump
 some other fault in machine due to which capacity of machine is low.
 Excess load

 Also combination of above will cause severe crystallization.

50
 Crystallization Protection
 Strong solution concentration is calculated
 Operating point is plotted by measuring Strong
concentration and LTHE outlet temperature
 Distance between Crystallization Line and
operating point is established
 Distance shall be maintained 10°C away from
the crystallization Line
 Crystallization Protection…..2
 Steam control valve normally operates on Chilled water
outlet temp as long as the concentration is under
control(i.e. the crystallization point is away by 10°C)
 If crystallization point is lesser than 10°C S.C.V operates
on concentration control until the concentration comes
under control
 At Lower Cooling water temperature (up to 10°C),
Machine does not crystallize as the distance from
crystallization line is being maintained
 Crystallization Protection……3
 Absorber Level Control
 When absorber Level reaches 25% of the
Sight glass, the Ref Solenoid valve opens
for automatic blow down
 If the Level drops further and reaches 0% of
the sight glass the SCV is closed fully
 When Level reaches 50 % of the sight glass,
SCV shall be controlled by either CHW
outlet temp or Concentration control and the
Ref Solenoid valve closes
 Crystallization Protection……4
 In the control panel, the following are
available on the same Screen
 LTG temp
 Ref U-tube temp
 LTHE strong soln. outlet temp
 Actual Concentration
 Control valve opening
 Solenoid valve operation
(Condensate line)
 This operates only during part load
 Whenever the Condensate temperature
difference between just after the generator
header and HR inlet is more than 8°C then
the solenoid valve opens and it closes while
the temperature difference drops below 4°C
Applications in Other Industries

•Chemicals •Hospitals
•Commercial Centers •Hotels
•Dairy & Confectionary •Paper & Pulp
•District Cooling •Petrochemicals
•Edible oil •Pharmaceuticals
•Educational Institutes •Refineries
•Electronics •Steel
•Engineering •Textiles