Evolution of Management: Behavioural Approach

Evolution of Management
BEHAVIOURAL
APPROACH
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
Contributors to this approach
1. Abraham Maslow
2. Douglas McGregor
3. Elton Mayo
4. Mary Parket Follet
5. Robert Owen
6. Hugo Munsterberg
BEHAVIOURAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IS DIVIDED INTO
1. Human Relations
2. Human resources school
3. Behavoural Sciences
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY:
Theory has three assumptions

 Human needs are never completely satisfied.
 Human behavior is purposeful and is motivated
by the need for satisfaction.

 Needs can be classified according to a
hierarchical structure of importance, from the

lowest to highest.
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY
DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X AND THEORY Y
CHESTER BARNARD (1886-1961)
 Developed the concepts of strategic planning
 Acceptance Theory of Authority
 Managers only have as much authority as
employees allow them to have
 ‘Zone of indifference’
 Three top functions of the executive
1. establish and maintain an effective communication
system
2. hire and retain effective personnel
3. motivate those personnel.
ELTON MAYO-HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT
 A series of studies conducted at the Western

Electric Company Works in Cicerio, Illionis
 In 1927 Western Electric Engineers asked professor
Elton Mayo and his associates to join in the research
 Identified social norms, group standards and group
dynamics
 Game changing impact on management beliefs
about the role of people
Experiment consisted of 4 phases
1.Experiments to determine the effects of changes in
illumination on productivity, illumination experiments,
1924-27
2. Experiments to determine the effects of changes
in hours and other working conditions on
productivity, relay assembly test room
experiments, 1927-28

3. Conducting plant-wide interviews to determine
worker attitudes and sentiments, mass
interviewing programme, 1928-30
• Mass Interviewing.
1. to determine worker attitudes and sentiments on
supervision and general conditions of work.
2. found that the work group as a whole determine
the production output of individual group
members by enforcing an informal norms
4. Determination and analysis of social organization

at work, bank wiring observation room
experiments, 1931-32
 Bank Wiring Room Experiment.
1. This phase was to determine and analyze the
social organizations at work.
2. concluded that the work group set their fair rates
for each of its members.
3. wage incentive plan was less important in
determining individual workers output, than the
group acceptance and security.
FINDINGS OF THE HAWTHRONE
EXPERIMENT
1. Social factors
2. Group influence
3. Production level
4. Motivation
5. Conflicts
6. Leadership
7. Cordial relationship
8. Behaviour of workers
9. Supervision
10. Communication
11. Reaction of workers
MARY PARKER FOLLET
 Mary Parker Follett was an American social
worker and a management consultant.
 She was a pioneer in the fields of Organizational
theory and Organizational behavior.
 She was one of the great women management
gurus.
 Mary Parker Follett defined management as “the
art of getting things through others.”
 Her ideas on negotiation, power, and employee
participation were highly influential in the
development of the fields of organizational studies.
 She was a social worker turned management
theorist and consultant and writer.
MARY PARKER FOLLET
 Theory of Management is marked by such
principles as the following:
1. Conflict resolution through Integration often

results in a win-win situation.
2. Leadership viewed as genuine power that is
not "coercive" ("power over") but "coactive"
("power with")
3. True leaders "create group power, rather than
expressing personal power.”
ROBERT OWEN
 Was one of the foremost management

thinkers during the industrial revolution
well before the advent of the Scientific
Management School
 Can be called World’s first enlightened

(and first personnel) manager and the
Father of the Cooperative Movement
ROBERT OWEN
 Management Contributions
1. Stopped employing children below 10 in
factories
2. Reduced working hours from 14 to 10
3. Built houses for workers with proper sanitation
4. Nursery for children
5. Showed higher wages increased profits through
higher productivity
6. Unique incentive schemes
7. Informal workers participation in management
HUGO MUNSTERBERG
 Pioneer in the field of industrial psychology
 Suggested psychological tests for employee selection,

learning theory concepts for employee training
 Study of human behaviour for employee motivation

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Evolution of Management

Theory has three assumptions

by the need for satisfaction.

hierarchical structure of importance, from the

 A series of studies conducted at the Western

Experiment consisted of 4 phases

1.Experiments to determine the effects of changes in

illumination on productivity, illumination experiments,

Experiment consisted of 4 phases

2. Experiments to determine the effects of changes

in hours and other working conditions on

productivity, relay assembly test room

Experiment consisted of 4 phases

4. Determination and analysis of social organization

1. Conflict resolution through Integration often

 Was one of the foremost management

 Can be called World’s first enlightened

 Pioneer in the field of industrial psychology

 Suggested psychological tests for employee selection,

 Study of human behaviour for employee motivation

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