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    Computer Science & Engineering: Apex Institute of Technology

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    mudit n
    This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts including the learning process, applications of machine learning, and different types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning as using labeled training data, including classification and regression problems. Unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning is also introduced. Course objectives and outcomes are outlined relating to understanding key paradigms and implementing algorithms. Popular supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are listed with examples of applications. The differences between supervised and unsupervised learning are summarized.

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    Computer Science & Engineering: Apex Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    mudit n
    28 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts including the learning process, applications of machine learning, and different types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning as using labeled training data, including classification and regression problems. Unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning is also introduced. Course objectives and outcomes are outlined relating to understanding key paradigms and implementing algorithms. Popular supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are listed with examples of applications. The differences between supervised and unsupervised learning are summarized.

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    Lecture 2 & 3(1)

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    This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts including the learning process, applications of machine learning, and different types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning as using labeled training data, including classification and regression problems. Unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning is also introduced. Course objectives and outcomes are outlined relating to understanding key paradigms and implementing algorithms. Popular supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are listed with examples of applications. The differences between supervised and unsupervised learning are summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views16 pages

    Computer Science & Engineering: Apex Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    mudit n
    This document provides an overview of machine learning concepts including the learning process, applications of machine learning, and different types of machine learning algorithms. It describes supervised learning as using labeled training data, including classification and regression problems. Unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning is also introduced. Course objectives and outcomes are outlined relating to understanding key paradigms and implementing algorithms. Popular supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are listed with examples of applications. The differences between supervised and unsupervised learning are summarized.

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    of 16

    APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    COMPUTER SCIENCE &


    ENGINEERING
    Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science)
    Python For Machine Learning
    CSF-238
    Resham Arya(E10994)

    Unit 1 : Machine Learning DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER


    Outline
    • Machine Learning
    - Learning Process
    - ML Applications
    • Types of ML Algorithm
    - Supervised
    - Unsupervised
    - Reinforcement
    • Hypothesis Space and Inductive Bias
    Course Objectives

    S. No. Objectives

    1 Understand the concept of learning in computer and


    science.
    2 Compare and contrast different paradigms for
    learning (supervised, unsupervised, etc.)

    3 Design experiments to evaluate and compare


    different machine learning techniques on real-world
    problems.
    Course Outcomes
    S. No. Outcomes
    CO1 Understand the various key paradigms of Machine
    Learning
    CO2 Familiar with the mathematical and statistical
    techniques used in Machine Learning
    CO3 Implement a wide variety of learning algorithms
    including well-studied methods for classification,
    regression and clustering.
    CO4 Analyze methods to evaluate learning models
    generated from data.
    CO5 Ability to evaluate machine learning models for
    solving practical problems.
    Types of ML

    Machine Learning Algorithms are commonly divided into categories according to their purpose and the
    main categories are the following:

    1. Supervised Learning
    2. Unsupervised Learning
    3. Reinforcement Learning

    Figure 1. Types of ML[1]


    Supervised Learning

    • Supervised learning is a type of Machine learning in which the machine needs external supervision to
    learn. The supervised learning models are trained using the labeled dataset. Once the training and
    processing are done, the model is tested by providing sample test data to check whether it predicts the
    correct output.
    • The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output data. Supervised learning is based
    on supervision, and it is the same as when a student learns things under the teacher's supervision. An
    example of supervised learning is spam filtering.
    • An algorithm is trained and at the end of the process function that best describes the input
    data, the one that for a given X makes the best estimation of y (X -> y).
    Types of Supervised Learning
    • Under the umbrella of supervised learning fall: Classification and
    Regression.

    1. Classification: In classification tasks, the machine learning program must


    draw a conclusion from observed values and determine to what category
    new observations belong. For example, when filtering emails as spam or
    not spam, the program must look at existing observational data and
    filter the emails accordingly.
    2. Regression is the process of identifying patterns and calculating the Figure 2. Types of Supervised Learning

    predictions of continuous outcomes. The system has to understand the


    numbers, their values, grouping (for example, heights and widths), etc. 
    Supervised Learning

    • Classification: In the above figure, Output – Purchased has defined labels i.e. 0 or 1; 1 means the
    customer will purchase, and 0 means that customer won’t purchase is a classification problem.
    • Regression: Similarly, Output – Wind Speed is not having any discrete value but is continuous in the
    particular range. The goal here is to predict a value as much closer to the actual output value as our model
    can and then evaluation is done by calculating the error value that will be solved by the Regression
    problem.
    Supervised Learning

    • The most widely used supervised algorithms are:

    1. Linear Regression
    2. Logistical Regression
    3. Random Forest
    4. Gradient Boosted Trees
    5. Support Vector Machines
    6. Decision Trees
    7. Naive Bayes
    Supervised Learning applications

    1. Signature Recognition
    2. Stock Predictions
    3. Spam Classification
    4. Face Recognition

    Figure 3. SPAM Classification Model


    Unsupervised Learning

    • Unsupervised Learning does not involve direct control of the


    developer.
    • It is used for:
    1. exploring the structure of the information;
    2. extracting valuable insights;
    3. detecting patterns;
    • It is a type of machine learning in which models are trained
    using an unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that data
    without any supervision. Figure 4. Unsupervised Learning Model
    Unsupervised Learning
    Unsupervised learning algorithms categories:
    • Clustering: Clustering is a method of grouping the objects into
    clusters such that objects with the most similarities remain in a group
    and have fewer or no similarities with the objects of another group.

    •Association: An association rule is used for finding the relationships


    between variables in the large database. It determines the set of items
    that occurs together in the dataset. Association rule makes marketing
    strategy more effective. Such as people who buy X items (suppose a
    bread) are also tend to purchase Y (Butter/Jam) items. A typical
    example of the Association rule is Market Basket Analysis.
    Unsupervised Learning

    • Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms

    1. K-means clustering
    2. KNN (k-nearest neighbors)
    3. Hierarchal clustering
    4. Anomaly detection
    5. Neural Networks
    6. Principle Component Analysis
    7. Independent Component Analysis
    8. Apriori algorithm
    9. Singular value decomposition
    Supervised vs Unsupervised
    Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
    Supervised learning algorithms are trained using labeled data. Unsupervised learning algorithms are trained using unlabeled data.

    A supervised learning model takes direct feedback to check if it is predicting Unsupervised learning model does not take any feedback.
    correct output or not.

    Supervised learning model predicts the output. Unsupervised learning model finds the hidden patterns in data.

    In supervised learning, input data is provided to the model along with the In unsupervised learning, only input data is provided to the model.
    output.
    Supervised learning needs supervision to train the model. Unsupervised learning does not need any supervision to train the model.

    Supervised learning can be used for those cases where we know the input as Unsupervised learning can be used for those cases where we have only
    well as corresponding outputs. input data and no corresponding output data.

    Supervised learning model produces an accurate result. Unsupervised learning model may give less accurate result as compared
    to supervised learning.
    Supervised learning is not close to true Artificial intelligence as in this, we Unsupervised learning is more close to the true Artificial Intelligence as it
    first train the model for each data, and then only it can predict the correct learns similarly as a child learns daily routine things by his experiences.
    output.

    It includes various algorithms such as Linear Regression, Logistic It includes various algorithms such as Clustering, KNN, and Apriori
    Regression, Support Vector Machine, Multi-class Classification, Decision algorithm.
    tree, Bayesian Logic, etc.
    References

    Web Sources:

    1. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. Kevin Murphy. MIT Press, 2012.


    2. https://www.javatpoint.com/machine-learning-algorithms
    3. https://machinelearningmastery.com/linear-regression-for-machine-learning/

    Video Source:

    1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPG4NjIkCjc
    THANK
    YOU
    For Queries,
    Write at : [email protected]

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