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    Lec1 - Platelets

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    Claire Gono
    Megakaryopoiesis is the process where megakaryocyte precursors mature and develop through a series of changes to eventually produce platelets through cytoplasmic fragmentation. Key stages in this process include megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and mature megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes fragment their cytoplasm through platelet shedding to release unnucleated platelet cells into circulation.

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    Lec1 - Platelets

    Uploaded by

    Claire Gono
    30 views26 pages
    Megakaryopoiesis is the process where megakaryocyte precursors mature and develop through a series of changes to eventually produce platelets through cytoplasmic fragmentation. Key stages in this process include megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and mature megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes fragment their cytoplasm through platelet shedding to release unnucleated platelet cells into circulation.

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    lec1- Platelets

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    Megakaryopoiesis is the process where megakaryocyte precursors mature and develop through a series of changes to eventually produce platelets through cytoplasmic fragmentation. Key stages in this process include megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and mature megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes fragment their cytoplasm through platelet shedding to release unnucleated platelet cells into circulation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views26 pages

    Lec1 - Platelets

    Uploaded by

    Claire Gono
    Megakaryopoiesis is the process where megakaryocyte precursors mature and develop through a series of changes to eventually produce platelets through cytoplasmic fragmentation. Key stages in this process include megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and mature megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes fragment their cytoplasm through platelet shedding to release unnucleated platelet cells into circulation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Megakaryopoiesis

    and Platelets

    acpj
    Unit Outcomes
    • Define Megakaryopoiesis correctly
    • Enumerate properly the maturation series of cells in
    Megakaryopoiesis
    • Identify the different characteristics of the cells in Megakaryopoiesis
    accurately
    • Determine the structural components of a mature platelet
    appropriately
    Topic
    Outline
    • Review of Hematopoiesis

    • Megakaryopoiesis
    • General and Specific Features
    • Maturation Series

    • Platelets
    • Structural components
    • Functions
    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Megakaryopoiesi
    s
    • Maturation series of a hematological cell that is
    committed for platelet production

    • Production of megakaryocytes

    • Responds to a growth factor called Thrombopoietin


    Megakaryocyte Lineage
    Progenitors
    • BFU-Meg

    • CFU-Meg

    • LD-CFU-Meg

    **Endomitosis
    Megakaryopoiesi
    s
    • As the cell matures;
    • Cell size increases
    • N:C ratio decreases
    • Number of nucleus increases

    • Maturation time
    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Megakaryoblast
    • Least differentiated megakaryocyte precursor

    • Presence of plasma membrane blebs

    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition


    Promegakaryocyte
    • Nuclear lobularity first becomes apparent
    • DMS becomes clearly visible

    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition


    Megakaryocytes
    • Easily recognized at 10X magnification
    • Mature / Immature
    • At full maturation, platelet shedding proceeds

    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition


    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Megakaryocyte Membrane Receptors and
    Markers
    • MPL
    • TPO receptor site

    • CD34
    • Stem cell and common myeloid progenitor marker

    • Gp IIb/IIIa
    • first appears on megakaryocyte progenitors and remains present throughout
    maturation
    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Platelet Shedding

    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition


    Hormones and Cytokines
    of Megakaryopoiesis
    • Thrombopoietin: circulates as a hormone in plasma
    • Plasma concentration is inversely proportional to platelet and megakaryocyte
    mass
    • IL-3: acts in synergy with TPO
    • IL-6 & IL-11: enhance endomitosis and maturation
    • Others: kit-ligand, mast cell growth factor, GM-CSF, G-CSF,
    acetylcholinesterase-derived megakaryocyte growth stimulating
    peptide

    • Inhibitors: PF4, B-TG, neutrophil-activating peptide 2, IL-8


    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Platelets

    • Diameter: 2-4 um
    • Volume: 8-10 fL
    • Anucleated cell (w/o golgi bodies and RER but with
    mitochondria and granules)
    • Circular to irregular granular purple dots on blood
    films
    • 7-21 per 100X field
    • Life span: 7-10 days
    • Normal Value: 150-400 x 10^9/L
    Platelets
    • Reticulated platelets
    • known as stress platelets
    • In citrated blood, cylindrical and beaded, resembling fragments of
    megakaryocyte proplatelet processes
    • ID: nucleic acid dyes

    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition


    Platelet Ultrastructure

    • A. Peripheral Zone

    • Plasma membrane: phospholipids, cholesterol


    • Glycocalyx: adhesive and responds readily to hemostatic demands
    • Surface-Connected Canalicular System: allows for enhanced interaction of
    the platelet with its environment
    **Submembrane: Interact with contractile proteins to modulate
    platelet adhesion and c lot retrac tion after ac tivation
    Platelet Ultrastructure
    • B. Sol-gel Zone
    • Microtubules
    • Microfilamen
    ts: actin-
    myosin
    **Thrombosten
    in

    • C. Organelle
    zone
    • Mitochondri
    a
    Image source: Rodak’s Hematology 5th edition
    Overall Functions of the
    Platelets
    • Maintains Vascular Integrity

    • Formation of Platelet Plug

    • Stabilize the plug by activating the fibrin formation or clot formation


    Reading
    Assignment
    • Search for the different alpha and dense granules of platelets
    • Identify coagulation and non-coagulation proteins
    • Determine their roles/functions
    References
    • Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications, 5th Edition
    • Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures, 5th Edition, Turgeon,
    M.L.
    • Steininger, Cheryl et al. Clinical Hematology: Principles, Procedures
    and Correlations.

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