Lec# 8 (Higher Order DE)
Lec# 8 (Higher Order DE)
Lec# 8 (Higher Order DE)
Differential Equations
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Higher Order Differential Equations
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Higher Order Linear Differential Equations:
A linear nth order differential equation in dependent variable is of the form ----
(1) where and are functions of the independent variable
First we shall study the differential equation of the form
------(2), where are real constants.
Equation (1) is with variable coefficients while equation (2) is with constant
coefficients. Equation (1) and (2) both are nonhomogeneous if and are
homogeneous if .
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The general solution of eq (2) is , where is called complementary function (C.F.) and is
called particular integral (P.I.).
(ii) Let be the any particular solution of eq (2), that is, does not contain any constant.
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Solution of Homogeneous 2nd Order Linear Differential Equation
Consider 2nd order homogeneous linear differential equation with constant
coefficients
Let becomes
Characteristic equation is
There are three cases depending upon nature of the roots of the characteristic
equation. Let be the two roots of eq (2).
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Case I. Roots are real and distinct
Let therefore
Let therefore
Let , therefore
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Case II. Roots are real and equal
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Case III. Roots are complex
Here and
Therefore
[A where and
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Example: Solve
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Solution: Let
Therefore
Characteristic equation is
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Question: Solve
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Solution: Let
Therefore
Characteristic equation is
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Question: Solve the differential equation with given
conditions .
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Solution: Let
Therefore
Characteristic equation is
Therefore
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Differentiate eq (1) w.r.t
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Question: Solve the given differential equation
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Solution: Let
Therefore
Characteristic equation is
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Any Questions?
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