GARDEN CITY

CONCEPT
SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
GROUP 1
GARDEN CITY CONCEPT
 INTRODUCTION
• THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT WAS AN IDEA OF SIR EBENEZER
HOWARD,WHO IS KNOWN FOR HIS PUBLICATION GARDEN CITIES OF
TO-MORROW(1898).IT DESCRIBES A UTOPIAN CITY IN WHICH PEOPLE
LIVE HARMONIOUSLY TOGETHER WITH NATURE. 
• HE HAD NO TRAINING IN URBAN PLANNING OR DESIGN BUT EXCELLED
IN CREATING PLACES. HE CALLED THESE PLACES “MAGNETS”, WHERE
PEOPLE WOULD WANT TO COME TO RESIDE AND WORK.
•  HIS GARDEN CITIES WERE PLANNED, CONTAINING COMMUNITIES
SURROUNDED BY A GREEN BELT (PARKS), CONTAINING
PROPORTIONATE AREAS OF RESIDENCES, INDUSTRY AND
AGRICULTURE. 
• GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT AIMED AT ADDRESSING THE URBAN
PROBLEMS PLAGUING THE INDUSTRIAL CITY OF THAT TIME. 
• GARDEN CITY CONCEPT WAS AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE FOR A BETTER
QUALITY OF LIFE IN OVER CROWDED AND DIRTY INDUSTRIAL TOWNS
WHICH HAD DETERIORATED THE ENVIRONMENT AND POSED SERIOUS
THREAT TO HEALTH. HOWARD SUGGESTED VARIOUS ADDITIONS
WHICH WERE RELATED TO GREEN SPACES AND OPEN SPACES. 
• GARDEN CITY MODEL FEATURED THE GREENBELT IN ITS URBAN
DESIGN AND AS A PART OF COUNTRY PLANNING.
 FEATURES
• LIMITED SIZE OF APPROX 32000 PEOPLE,PLANNED IN ADVANCE AND LAND
IN SINGLE OWNERSHIP TO ELIMINATE OVERCROWDING 
• 1000 ACRES OF TOWNS DESIGNED FOR HEALTHY LIVING AND INDUSTRY 
• 5000 ACRES IF PERMANENT GREEN BELT WHICH SURROUNDS THE WHOLE
TOWN
• DENSITY OF 12 FAMILIES PER ACRE
• A LARGE CENTRAL PARK HAVING PUBLIC BUILDINGS 
• PLANNED ON A CONCENTRIC PATTERN WITH OPEN SPACES ,PUBLIC
PARKS AND SIX RADIAL BOULEVARDS ,120 FT (37M) WIDE ,EXTENDING
FROM THE CENTRE
• THE GARDEN CITY WOULD BE SELF SUFFICIENT AND WHEN IT REACHED
FULL POPULATION ,ANOTHER GARDEN CITY WOULD BE DEVELOPED
NEARBY 
• HOWARD ENVISAGED A CLUSTER OF SEVERAL GARDEN CITIES AS
SATELLITES OF A CENTRAL CITY OF 50000 PEOPLE,LINKED BY ROAD AND
RAIL
• HOWARD PUSHED THE IDEA OF GARDEN CITY BY A DIAGRAM  THE THREE
MAGNETS
• IN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT THE ATTRACTION OF CITY
HE COMPARED EACH CITY TO A MAGNET WITH INDIVIDUALS
THREE MAGNETS
 HOWARD PUSHED THE IDEA OF GARDEN CITY BY A
DIAGRAM” THE THREE MAGNETS”
 IN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT THE
ATTRACTION OF CITY HE COMPARED EACH CITY
TO A MAGNET ,WITH INDIVIDUALS REPRESENTED
AS NEEDLES ATTRACTED TO MAGNET
 DEPICTS 3 MAGNETS
 1.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOWN
LIFE
 2.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COUNTRY
LIFE
 3.TOWN-COUNTRY LIFE, INCORPORATING
ADVANTAGES OF TOWN AND COUNTRY LIFE 11
 MORE FEATURES
1. CONTAINS OPEN SPACES AND GARDENS AROUND ALL THE
DWELLING HOUSES AND FACTORIES
 2. HAS A POPULATION WHICH IS NEITHER TOO SMALL NOR TOO
LARGE. 
3. IT IS A CITY OWNED BY ALL CITIZENS ON A CO-OPERATIVE BASIS
 4. ITS IS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY HAVING ITS OWN CIVIC LIFE
AND AFFORDING ALL DAILY NEEDS WITH ADEQUATE SPACES FOR
SCHOOLS AND OTHER FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES 19
 5. IT IS A SELF-SUFFICIENT UNIT HAVING ITS OWN INDUSTRIES 
6. IT IS SURROUNDED BY PERIPHERY BY A GREEN BELT. 
7. IT NEED NOT HAVE THE RAPID TRANSIT ARRANGEMENT 
8. THE SURPLUS FUND IS UTILISED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE COMMUNITY ITSELF 20 TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
GARDEN CITY CONCEPT-DEFINITION
• TERM MEANS ‘A CITY IN A GARDEN ‘ OR CITY OF GARDENS’.
• BY GARDEN CITIES AND TOWN PLANNING ASSOCIATION , 1919
“A GARDEN CITY IS A TOWN DESIGNED FOR HEALTHY LIVING AND
INDUSTRY, OF A SIZE THAT MAKES POSSIBLE A FULL MEASURE OF
SOCIAL LIFE, BUT NOT LARGER , SURROUNDED BY A RURAL BELT,
THE WHOLE OF THE LAND BEING IN PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OR HELD
IN TRUST FOR COMMUNITY” 15 TOWNPLANNINGANDARCHITECTURE.

• GARDEN CITIES WERE INTENDED TO BE PLANNED,

SELF-CONTAINED COMMUNITIES SURROUNDED BY
"GREENBELTS", CONTAINING PROPORTIONATE AREAS
OF RESIDENCES, INDUSTRY, AND AGRICULTURE.
• THE GARDEN CITY INTRODUCED THE USE OF GREENBELTS THAT HAVE
SERVED MANY USES INCLUDING THE PRESERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND
RURAL LIFE, NATURE AND HERITAGE CONSERVATION, RECREATION,
POLLUTION MINIMIZATION, AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT.
• GARDEN CITY TRADITION ENDOWED URBAN PLANNING WITH A SOCIAL AND
COMMUNITY DIMENSIONS.
• THE GARDEN CITY IDEA HOWEVER, SHOWED HOW BOTH INDUSTRIAL
ESTATES AND COLLECTIVE RETAILING SPACES COULD BE USED WITHIN A
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING APPROACH TO SERVE PUBLIC PURPOSES
MAIN COMPONENTS OF GARDEN CITY CONCEPT
• 1.PLANNED: THE ORGANIZED OUTWARD MIGRATION OF INDUSTRIES AND PEOPLE TO TOWNS OF
SUFFICIENT SIZE TO PROVIDE THE SERVICES ,VARIETY OF OCCUPATIONS, AND LEVEL OF CULTURE
NEEDED BY A BALANCED CROSS –SECTION OF MODERN SOCIETY.
• 2. LIMIT OF TOWN:THE GROWTH OF TOWNS TO BE LIMITED , IN ORDER THAT THEIR INHABITANTS
MAY LIVE NEAR WORK , SHOPS ,SOCIAL CENTERS AND EACH OTHER AND ALSO NEAR OPEN COUNTRY.
• 3.AMENTIES:THE INTERNAL TEXTURE OF TOWNS TO BE OPEN WITH PRIVATE GARDENS ,ADEQUATE
SPACE FOR SCHOOLS AND OTHER FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES AND PLEASANT PARKS AND PARKWAYS.
• 4.TOWN AND COUNTRY RELATIONSHIP: THE TOWN AREA TO BE DEFINED AND A LARGE AREA TO BE
DEFINED AND A LARGE AREA AROUND IT RESERVED PERMANENTLY FOR AGRICULTURE ; THUS
ENABLING THE FARM PEOPLE TO BE ASSURED OF A NEARBY MARKET AND CULTURAL CENTER AND
THE TOWN PEOPLE TO HAVE THE BENEFIT OF A COUNTRY SITUATION.
• 5.PLANNING CONTROL:PRE PLANNING OF THE WHOLE TOWN FRAMEWORK , INCLUDING THE ROAD –
SCHEME AND FUNCTIONAL ZONING ; THE FIXING OF MAXIMUM DENSITIES ;THE CONTROL OF
BUILDING AS TO QUALITY AND DESIGN , BUT ALLOWING FOR INDIVIDUAL VARIETY ; SKILLFULL
PLANTING AND LANDSCAPE GARDEN DESIGN.
• 6.NEIGHBOURHOODS :THETOWN TO BE DIVIDED INTO WARDS , EACH TO SOME EXTENT A
DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTITY.
 P
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THE CORE PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY:
• STRONG COMMUNITY
• ORDERED DEVELOPMENT
• ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
 The Three Magnets, in which Ebenezer Howard brilliantly
summarised his concept of a ‘joyous union’ of town and country.
• HOWARD COMBINED THE BEST
P ASPECTS (OR MAGNETIC PULLS)
R OF THE TOWN, INCLUDING JOBS,
TRANSPORT AND
I INFRASTRUCTURE WITH THE BEST
ASPECTS OF THE COUNTRYSIDE,
N SUCH AS SPACE, FRESH AIR AND
ACCESS TO NATURE. FROM THIS
C ‘PERFECT COMBINATION’ WHICH
WOULD INCLUDE HIGH-QUALITY
I AFFORDABLE HOMES IN WELL-
P PLANNED COMMUNITIES, HE
• HIS DESIGN MODEL FOR THIS
BELIEVED THAT A BETTER
NEW TYPE OF SETTLEMENT
L QUALITY OF LIFE COULD BE
WAS BASED ON A CIRCULAR
ACHIEVED FOR ALL.
PATTERN. AT THE CENTRE
E WAS TO BE A PARK WITH
S PUBLIC BUILDINGS
BORDERED BY A CIRCULAR
‘CRYSTAL PALACE’ FOR
SHOPPING AND COMMERCE.
THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES SET OUT BY
THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
ASSOCIATION IN THEIR DOCUMENT NEW
TOWNS AND GARDEN CITIES – LESSONS FOR
TOMORROW, BROADLY DEFINE THE
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A GARDEN CITY.
THESE ELEMENTS ARE ALL INTER-
DEPENDENT:

• STRONG COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

• COMMUNITY OWNERSHIP OF LAND
• MIXED-TENURE HOMES AND HOUSING
TYPES THAT ARE GENUINELY AFFORDABLE
• A WIDE RANGE OF LOCAL JOBS WITHIN
EASY COMMUTING DISTANCE OF HOMES
• WELL DESIGNED HOMES WITH GARDENS,
COMBINING THE BEST OF TOWN AND
COUNTRY
• GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE THAT ENHANCES
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• STRONG CULTURAL, RECREATIONAL AND
• HE ENVISAGED CRESCENTS AND
TERRACES STRUNG ALONG THIS BROAD
CIRCULAR ‘GRAND AVENUE’ WITH
HOUSING QUADRANGLES ELSEWHERE.
THE AVENUE’S CENTRAL GREENSWARD
WOULD CONTAIN SCHOOLS AND
• HIS IDEAL WAS THAT EACH GARDEN CITY
CHURCHES.
WOULD BE LIMITED TO 32,000 RESIDENTS
AND AS FAR AS POSSIBLE SELF-SUFFICIENT.

• HOWARDS IDEAL WAS THAT EACH

GARDEN CITY WOULD BE LIMITED TO
32000 RESIDENTS AND AS FAR AS
POSSIBLE SELF SUFFICIENT.
 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT OF A GARDEN CITY
• CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT OF A GARDEN CITY
• CIRCULAR CITY GROWING IN A RADIAL
MANNER OR PATTERN.
• DIVIDED INTO SIX EQUAL WARDS, BY SIX
MAIN BOULEVARDS THAT RADIATED FROM
THE CENTRAL PARK/GARDEN.
• CIVIC INSTITUTIONS (TOWN HALL,
LIBRARY, HOSPITAL, THEATRE, MUSEUM
ETC. ) ARE PLACED AROUND THE CENTRAL
GARDEN. 21
• THE CENTRAL PARK ENCLOSED BY A CRYSTAL
PALACE ACTS AS AN ARCADE FOR INDOOR SHOPS
AND WINTER GARDENS. 
• THE STREETS FOR HOUSES ARE FORMED BY A
SERIES OF CONCENTRIC RINGED TREE LINED
AVENUES.
•  DISTANCE BETWEEN EACH RING VARY BETWEEN 3-
5KM 
• A 420 FEET WIDE , 3 MILE LONG, GRAND AVENUE
WHICH RUN IN THE CENTER OF CONCENTRIC
RINGS , HOUSES THE SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES AND
ACTS AS A CONTINUOUS PUBLIC PARK.
•  ALL THE INDUSTRIES, FACTORIES AND
WAREHOUSES WERE PLACED AT THE PERIPHERAL
RING OF THE CITY. 
• THE MUNICIPAL RAILWAY WAS PLACED IN
ANOTHER RING CLOSER TO THE INDUSTRIAL RING ,
SO THAT THE PRESSURE OF EXCESS TRANSPORT ON
THE CITY STREETS ARE REDUCED AND THE CITY IS
CONNECTED TO THE REST OF THE NATION. 23 TOWN
PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
• GARDEN CITY CONCEPT IN PRACTICE
• 1. THE FIRST GARDEN CITY EVOLVED
OUT OF HOWARD’S PRINCIPLES IS
LETCHWORTH GARDEN CITY
DESIGNED BY RAYMOND UNWIN AND
BARRY PARKER IN 1903.
• 2. THE SECOND ONE TO EVOLVE WAS
WELWYN GARDEN CITY DESIGNED BY
LOUIS DE SOISSONS AND FREDERIC
OSBORN IN 1920.
• 3. ANOTHER EXAMPLE WAS RADBURN
CITY DESIGNED BY CLARENCE STEIN
AND HENRY WRIGHT IN 1928. 24
CRITICISMS
• WHILE GARDEN CITIES WERE PRAISED FOR BEING AN ALTERNATIVE TO
OVERCROWDED AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES, ALONG WITH GREATER SUSTAINABILITY,
GARDEN CITIES WERE OFTEN CRITICIZED FOR DAMAGING THE ECONOMY, BEING
DESTRUCTIVE OF THE BEAUTY OF NATURE, AND BEING INCONVENIENT. ACCORDING
TO A. TRYSTAN EDWARDS, GARDEN CITIES LEAD TO DESECRATION OF THE
COUNTRY SIDE BY TRYING TO RECREATE COUNTRY SIDE HOUSES THAT COULD
SPREAD THEMSELVES; HOWEVER, THIS WAS NOT A POSSIBLE FEAT DUE TO THE
LIMITED SPACE THEY HAD.
• IT IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS AN URBAN DESIGN EXPERIMENT WHICH IS TYPIFIED
BY FAILURE DUE TO THE LANEWAYS USED AS COMMON ENTRIES AND EXITS TO THE
HOUSES HELPING GHETTOISE COMMUNITIES AND ENCOURAGE CRIME; IT HAS
ULTIMATELY LEAD TO EFFORTS TO 'DE-RADBURN' OR PARTIALLY DEMOLISH
AMERICAN RADBURN DESIGNED PUBLIC HOUSING AREAS
 EXAMPLES
WELWYN,UK
• WELWYN -24 MILES FROM LONDON
• ITS WAS LOCATED 20 MILES FROM
KING CROSS
• LAND OF 2378 ACRES
• DESIGNED FOR MAXIMUM OF 4000
POPULATION IN 2400 ACRES.
• IN 15 YEARS –DEVELOPED WITH 10000
POPULATION AND 50 SHOPS ,
INDUSTRIES
• WELWYN GARDEN CITY WAS THE
• .
SECOND GARDEN CITY IN ENGLAND
(FOUNDED 1920) AND ONE OF THE
FIRST NEW TOWNS (DESIGNED I948)
• ACCORDING TO HOWARD WELWYN
GARDEN CITY WAS ” A TOWN
DESIGNED FOR HEALTHY LIVING AND
SECURITY FOR THE PEOPLE OF
ENGLAND “ .
• IT WAS A TOWN VISUALLY PLEASING AND
WAS EFFICIENT TECHNICALLY AND WAS
HUMAN IN SCALE .
• HAD A PARKWAY ,ALMOST A MILE LONG
CENTRAL MALL .
• TOWN LAID OUT ALONG TREE –LINED
BOULEVARDS WITH NEO GEORGIAN
TOWN CENTER.
• EVERY ROAD HAD A WIDE GRASS VERGE .
• THE GARDEN CITY WAS A COMMUNITY
• PROMOTING RESIDENTS TO USE THE
WITH MANY HOUSES
GARDENS AND CONVENIENT FACILITIES
SUCH AS STORES WHICH WERE ALL
BUILT IN THE TOWN CENTER .
• HIGH-QUALITY LIVING PROVIDING A
BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE IN
COMPARISON TO THE INFESTED
HOUSING IN THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION .
STREET PLAN OF WELWYN GARDEN CITY
 • IT IS UNIQUE IN BOTH GARDEN CITY AND A NEW TOWN AND
EXEMPLIFIES THE PHYSICAL ,SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PLANNING
IDEALS
• STREET ARE DESIGNED SO AS GIVE THE
CONCEPT OF A NEIGHBORHOOD UNITS
• SEPERATION OF THE PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS
FROM THE MAIN ROADS GIVES A SENSE OF
NATURAL BEAUTY
OPEN AND GREEN SPACES ARE GIVEN ON A LARGE SCALE
 LETCHWORTH GARDEN CITY
• LETCHWORTH IS THE WORLD’S
FIRST GARDEN CITY, CREATED AS A
SOLUTION TO THE SLUM AND
POVERTY OF URBAN LIFE IN
BRITAIN IN THE LATE 19TH
CENTURY.
• BASED ON THE IDEAS OF
EBENEZER HOWARD AS PUBLISHED
IN HIS BOOK OF 1898 “TOMORROW:
A PEACEFUL PATH TO REFORM”.
• LETCHWORTH GARDEN CITY
INSPIRED TOWN PLANNING
ACROSS THE GLOBE
LETCHWORTH GARDEN CITY

• HOWARD’S COMPANY- FIRST GARDEN

CITY LTD BEGAN CONSTRUCTION IN
1903.
• THE COMPANY APPOINTED
ARCHITECTS BARRY PARKER AND
RAYMOND UNWIN TO DESIGN THE
MASTERPLAN FOR THE NEW
COMMUNITY.
• THIS GARDEN CITY IS LOCATED IN
NORTH HERTFORDSHIRE, 35 MILES
NORTH OF LONDON WHICH IS SPREAD
OVER AN AREA OF APPROX. 5000 ACRES.
• DESIGNED FOR A POPULATION OF
35,000 PEOPLE.
• •HAVING RESERVED GREEN BELT OF
REASONS TO PLAN LETCHWORTH
• LONDON (AND OTHER CITIES) IN THE 19TH CENTURY WERE IN THE THROWS OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION, AND THE CITIES WERE EXERTING MASSIVE FORCES ON
THE LABOUR MARKETS OF THE TIME.
• MASSIVE IMMIGRATION FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE TO THE CITIES WAS TAKING
PLACE WITH LONDON.
• THIS SITUATION WAS UNSUSTAINABLE AND POLITICAL COMMENTATORS OF ALL
PARTIES SOUGHT “HOW BEST TO PROVIDE THE PROPER ANTIDOTE AGAINST THE
GREATEST DANGER OF MODERN EXISTENCE” (ST. JAME’S GAZETTE, 1892)
•• IN
TOTRYING
HOWARD TOTHE
UNDERSTAND
CURE WAS AND REPRESENT
SIMPLE THE ATTRACTION
- TO REINTEGRATE PEOPLEOF THETHE
WITH CITY
HE COMPARED EACH CITY TO A MAGNET, WITH INDIVIDUALS REPRESENTED
COUNTRYSIDE.
AS NEEDLES DRAWN TO THE CITY.
• HE SET ABOUT COMPARING THE ‘TOWN AND COUNTRY MAGNETS’ BUT
DECIDED THAT NEITHER WERE SUITABLE ATTRACTORS FOR HIS UTOPIAN
VISION.
• • INSTEAD HE BELIEVED THAT “HUMAN SOCIETY AND THE BEAUTY OF NATURE
ARE MEANT TO BE ENJOYED TOGETHER” – HENCE GIVING HIS SOLUTION “THE
TWO MAGNETS MUST BE MADE ONE.”
•
 RADBURN, NEW JERSEY
• RADBURN IS AN UNCORPORATED PLANNED
COMMUNITY LOCATED WITHIN FAIR LAWN IN BERGEN
COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, UNITES STATES
• RADBURN WAS FOUND IN 1929 AS "A TOWN FOR THR
MOTOR AGE"
• ITS PLANNERS CLEARENCE STEIN AND HENRY WEIGHT
AND ITS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT MARJORIE SEWELL
CAUTLEY AIMED TO INCORPORATE MODERN
PLANNING PRINCIPLES, WHICH WERE THEN BEING
INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND GARDEN CITIES
FOLLOWING IDEAS ADVOCATED BY URBAN PLANNERS
EBENZER HOWARD (TOWN+COUNTRY)SIR PATRICK
GEDDES AND CLEARANCE PERRY
• RADENBURG WAS EXPLICITILY DESIGNED TO
SEPARATE TRAFFIC BY MODE, WITH A PEDESTRIAN
PATH SYSTEM THAT DOES NOT CROSS ANY MAJOR
ROADS AT GRADE
• RADBURN INTRODUCED THE LARGELY RESIDENTIAL
 RADBURN PLANNING
• 1929      RADBURN CREATED 
• 25000    PEOPLE
• 149        ACRES
• 430        SINGLE HOUSES
• 90           ROW HOUSES
• 54           SEMI ATTACHED HOUSES
• 93           APPARTMENT UNIT
• FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED
• RAPID INDUSTRIALISATION AFTER WORLD WAR 1
• MIGRATION OF RURAL TO CITIES
• DRAMATIC GROWTH OF CITIES
• HOUSING SHORTAGE
• THE NEED TO PROVIDE HOUSING AND PROTECT FROM MOTORISED TRAFFIC
 RADBURN PLANNING INSPIRATION
• HENRY WRIGHTS "SIX PLANKS FOR HOUSING-PLATFORM"
• PLAN SIMPLY, BUT COMPREHENSIVELY. DON’T STOP AT THE INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY
LINE
• ADJUST PAVING,SIDE WALK, SEWERS AND THE LIKE TO THE PARTICULAR NEEDS OF
THE PATERN ARRANGE BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS SO AS TO GIVE SUNLIGHT, AIR
AND A TOLERABLE OUTLOOK TO EVEN THE SMALLEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE
• PROVIDE AMPLE SITES IN THE PLACE FOR COMMUNITY USE IE; PLATGROUND,
SCHOOL, GARDEN, THEATERS, CHURCHES, PUBLIC BUILDINGD AND STORES
• PUT FACTORIES AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS WHERE THEY CAN BE USED
WITHOUT WASTEFUL TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS OR PEOPLE
• CARS MUST BE PARKED AND STORES, DELIVERES MADE, WASTE COLLECTED
(VEHICULR MOVEMENT)-PLAN FOR SUCH SERVICE WITH MINIMUM DANGER, NOISE
AND CONFUSION
• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILDING DEVELOP COLLECTEVILY SUCH SERVICES AS
WILL ASS TO THE COMFORT OF THE UNDIVIDUAL, AT LOWER COST THAN IS
POSSIBLE UNDER INDIVIDUAL OPERTION
RADBURN'S CONCEPT
• SEPERATION OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR
TRAFFIC
• SUPER BLOCK-LARGE BLOCK SURROUNDED BY MAIN
ROADS
• HOUSES GROUPED AROUND SMALL CUL-DE-SACS-
EACH ACCESSED FROM MAIN ROAD, LIVING,
BEDROOM FACED GARDENS AND PARKS, SERVICE
AREA TO ACCESS ROADS
• REMAINING LAND-PARK AREA
• WALKWAY- DESIGNED SUCH THAT PEDESTRIANS CAN
REACH SOCIAL PLACES WITHOUT CROSSING
AUTOMOBILE STREET
• THE CONCEPT IS ALSO APPLIED IN CHANDIGARH,
INDIA, BRAZILIA, BRAZIL 
RADBURN PLAN
• PARKS WITHOUT ADDITIONAL COST FROM RESIDENTS
• SAVING FROM MINIMIZING ROADS-REQUIRES LESS ROAD
AREA
• 25% LESS AREA GAVE 12-15% OF TOTAL PAR AREA

• THE STREET NETWORK STRUCTURE OF

RADBURN SEPARATE PEDESTRIAN PATHS RUN
THROUGH THE GREEN SPACE BETWEEN CUL DE-
SAC AND THROUGH THE CENTRAL GREEN SPINE
CONCLUSION
THE IDEA OF GARDEN CITY, WHICH HAS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
ADVANTAGES THAT URBAN AGGREGATION HAD DESTROYED, WAS SEEN IN
THE FIRST TWO GARDEN CITIES ONLY. IT WAS SEEN AS THE "MARRIAGE OF
TOWN AND COUNTRY, IN AN INCREASINGLY COHERENT URBAN AND
REGIONAL PATTERN". THESE NEW TOWNS OFFER A MORE PLEASING
ENVIRONMENT THAN CROWDED AND SQUALID QUATEERS IN OLD CITIES.
THE MOVEMENT SUCCEEDED IN EMPHASIZING THE NEED FOR URBAN
PLANNING POLICIES THET EVENTUALLY LED TO THE NEW TOWN
MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES
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