Developed for Science Laboratories

September 2002
 This training presentation has been created
for those who are required to undergo
general laboratory safety training and have
not taken this training with their supervisor.
It is also recommended for those
laboratories that do not fall under regulation,
but are needing a safety laboratory overview.
There are hyperlinks throughout the presentation. Where there is the following
icon additional training is required. Training
 Introduction

Laboratory safety is the key to reducing injury and

illness. There are many exposures in the laboratory
that pose a hazard to your health and you may have
never considered them as a hazard before. It is
important to have proper training so you, as the
employee, are aware of the potential dangers that
may threaten your health or life.
 Introduction

As you go through this training module, you will have

a better understanding regarding the concept of safety
and how safety is utilized in every aspect of your life.
The University has an obligation to protect each
student, assistant, faculty and staff. There are also
regulations that pertain to ISU to ensure compliance.
Lets take a look at the different agencies that are
involved!
 Agency Information

Several agencies are involved in safety compliance at the

University. The following agencies impact our laboratories as far
as safety is involved.

National Institute of Health (NIH)

In charge of laboratories that use or contain
recombinant DNA. They specify the practices for
constructing and handling the rDNA.
 Agency Information

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

In charge of laboratories that use or contain infectious

agents. They are focused on protecting personnel and the
laboratory environmental from exposure to infectious
agents. They are also aiming at preventative measures by
adhering to strict containment.
 Agency Information

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

OSHA primarily monitors Hazardous Materials, Hazard

Communication, Bloodborne Pathogens, and
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories at ISU. OSHA is in charge of monitoring
work conditions and eliminating physical and health
hazards at the work place.
 Agency Information

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The EPA is in charge of the wastes that ISU generates

and stores. Many hazardous wastes are used in
research laboratories and they pose a threat to
humans, animals, plants, and the environment. There
are also biohazardous wastes that are regulated and
must be properly decontaminated and disposed of.
 Agency Information

Environmental Health & Safety Office (EHS)

The EHS office plays a large role in overseeing the

various activities that take place on campus. They
interpret laws and regulations, and maintain up-to-
date records of current health and safety standards.
The duties range from fire safety and laboratory safety
to training and emergency response.
 Why Training?

Training is by far the most important aspect of

safety. Training not only reduces illness/injury but
also increases worker efficiency and awareness.
Training is required by regulation and ISU has high
regard for fulfilling this commitment. Preventing
hazards and increasing awareness is the goal for
the EHS office.
 Who is in Charge of Training?

Everyone on campus is in charge of training. The

individual is responsible for participation of the
training, comprehending the information, and
utilize the information for the specific duties. The
supervisor is in charge of providing proper and
effective training. The EHS office provides
assistance to departments in achieving regulatory
compliance and developing proactive strategies.
Introduction to the Laboratory
 Let’s Get Started!

Working in a laboratory can be an

exciting experience. It can also pose
many threats and hazards that a
traditional classroom does not. That
is why it is important to know your
surroundings. Know where the exits
to your room are. There may be
more than one exit which could be
critical in the case of an emergency.
Your supervisor will go over the
emergency action plan including the
escape route procedures for your
room.
 Know Your Surroundings
It is also recommended to be aware of the fire
extinguishers in location to your laboratory. In order
to fight a fire one must undergo the proper training.
Campus personnel are highly encouraged to not fight
fires. In the event of a fire, the first response is to
evacuate the area and notify the fire department! Any
campus phone will initially direct calls to the ISU Police
Dept. and from there the fire dept. will be dispatched.
From any campus phone just dial 911. Do not wait
any longer than necessary to call, time is of essence!
 Know Your Surroundings

Know where the fire alarm is in proximity to your

laboratory. Is it right down the hall or is it in the
stairwell? If there is a fire, a quick response is
the best response. Have your supervisor show
you the closest alarm. The fire safety training will
detail the safety procedures for your lab.

Training
 Know Your Surroundings

Many laboratories contain hazardous substances.

A hazardous substance is defined as a
material/substance that poses a physical or health
hazard. This includes both chemicals and biological
agents.

A Biohazard is defined as any organism that is capable

of replication and is capable of causing disease in
human, animal or plant.

There are differences between a physical hazard and a

health hazard. Let’s take a look.
 Know Your Surroundings

A health hazard has the following

characteristics:
Carcinogen
Toxic or highly toxic
Reproductive Toxins
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Hepatotoxins
Nephrotoxins
Neurotoxins
 Know Your Surroundings

A physical hazard has the following

characteristics:
Explosive
Flammable
Oxidizer
Pyrophoric
Organic peroxide
Compressed gas
Combustible liquid
Unstable (Reactive)
Water-reactive
 Know Your Surroundings
When physical hazards and health hazards
exist, it is very important to know where
the eye wash/safety shower is located.
Unexpected accidents do occur and
knowing where to go at the time of an
emergency can reduce injury/illness.
 Know Your Surroundings

First aid kits have a variety of quick relief

items. If your lab has a first aid kit, find out
where it is. If more than first aid is needed,
it is recommended to go to Student Health
Services for further treatment. In an event
that would require more than first aid to be
treated, report it to the EHS office within
the next 24 hours.
 Know Your Surroundings

When there are chemical, biological, or

radioactive agents being used, an
emergency spill kit should be available. If
there is a spill kit in your lab, find its
location. Further Spill information will be
addressed later in this presentation.
 Know Your Surroundings

Each laboratory has a telephone in a

designated area for use. The emergency
contact numbers are posted near the phone
in every laboratory on ISU campus.
Know What Hazards are Present
 Hazards in your Lab

Each lab is faced with different hazards.

There could be exposure to biological,
chemical, or radioactive material, which
may pose a variety of physical and/or
health hazards. This training will be
primarily focusing on biological hazards
and some chemical hazards. Let’s look at
these hazards a little closer.
 Hazards in your Lab

A biological hazard includes an organism or material

of biological origin that could potentially cause harm
to humans, animals, or plants.
An infectious agent is an organism capable of
producing infection or disease in human, animal or
plant.
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as molecules that
are constructed outside living cells by joining natural or
synthetic DNA segments to DNA molecules that can
replicate in a living cell or molecules that result from
the replication of those described above.
 Hazards in your Lab
Infectious agents pose a threat because these
agents can cause illness or death to both people
and animals. Special precautions must be taken to
reduce the potential release of these agents. Each
laboratory that is using an infectious agent must
perform an additional lab specific training. This is
to communicate the hazards of the agent that is
specific to your laboratory.

Training
 Hazards in your Lab

Infectious agents fall under CDC guidelines.

Depending on the organism you are working
with or exposed to will depend on the proper
safety precautions to take. These are
designated at different Biosafety Levels
(BSL). The more pathogenic the agent, the
more stringent the safety precautions are.
 Hazards in your Lab

The lab that works with infectious agents,

depending on the Biosafety Level (BSL), will
vary in accordance to the safety equipment
that is used, the facility (lab) design, the
equipment that is used, and the practices
that must be followed.
 Hazards in your Lab

Biosafety levels will be

discussed in detail by
your supervisor during
the Lab Specific
Training.

Training
 Hazards in your Lab

rDNA can also poses a threat to human and animal health.

Depending on the molecules that are being manipulated, the
hazards will vary. rDNA can be manipulated using cultures,
animals, plants, and also humans.

The risk will depend on several factors including the organism

and the media being used. The containment levels will
depend on the organisms that carry the recombinant DNA.
 Hazards in your Lab

The term containment in the laboratory setting is

defined as the confinement of a biohazardous agent
that is being cultured, stored, manipulated,
transported, or destroyed in order to prevent or
limit its contact with people and/or the
environment. Methods used for containment
include physical and biological barriers and
inactivation using physical or chemical means.

Containment is integrated into the distinguished

biosafety levels.
 Hazards in your Lab

Chemicals can pose a significant hazard. They should

be limited to the use under a properly working fume
hood. Chemicals can release hazardous fumes which
not only harm the environment, but they can be a
major health threat. They must be handled carefully
and disposed of properly.
 Hazards in your Lab

When a chemical is in the laboratory, the hazards of that

chemical must be communicated to you. According to
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a
Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is required to relay information
regarding procedures, equipment, PPE, and work practices
that are capable of protecting employees from health hazards.

Your supervisor is in charge of providing the information

contained in the CHP to you.
 Lab Safety
The following guidelines have been established to
minimize the hazards in a laboratory setting. It is
important to take responsibility for your actions and
to keep in mind that irresponsible acts could have
lasting future effects.

The next portion of the training is simply review and

is meant to remind you of responsible conduct in a
laboratory setting. As the hazards increase, the risks
increase, and the responsibility must increase.
 Lab Attire
You should remember the following:

 No open-toed shoes
 No shorts unless a lab coat is used
 Restrain hair when working with hazardous
materials
 Remove protective clothing in public
 Use the proper Personal Protective Equipment for
the job
 Personal Habits

Personal habits play a large role in minimizing

hazards. The following measures must be
taken:
 Do not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum or apply
cosmetics, or remove/insert contact lenses while in
the laboratory
 Do not store food or beverages in the lab or in
chemical refrigerator
 Do not mouth pipette
 Wash hands before leaving laboratory or after
handling contaminated material
 Safe Practices
These safe practices should be followed to ensure safe
working conditions:
 Do not use chipped or cracked glassware
 When working with hazardous materials, have a second
person nearby
 Know emergency procedures
 Keep the laboratory neat and clean
 Use hazardous chemicals under a fume hood and
biohazardous materials under a biosafety cabinet (BSC)
 Decontaminate as needed
 All procedures should be performed to minimize aerosol
Know details/location of your vital
Laboratory Information!
 Laboratory Information

Each lab contains an Emergency Action Plan which is

required for emergency situations. This is used to
inform faculty/staff/students of the procedures to
follow in the event of an emergency. This includes
the following information:
 Laboratory Information

The labs that are using infectious agents and/or rDNA

are also required to have the ISU Biosafety Manual
available. Specific guidelines for research are
outlined in this manual. If any questions arise
regarding regulations, this manual should be used as
a resource.
 Laboratory Information

The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is similar to the Hazard

Communication Program, but this is specifically for laboratories
with chemicals. This is to relay information regarding
procedures, equipment, PPE, and work practices that are
capable of protecting employees from health hazards. If you
are working with acids, it would be nice to know what personal
protective equipment is necessary and what health hazards are
associated with it.
 Chemical Hygiene

According to the laboratory standard, for those labs that

have chemicals the following training topics must be
addressed:
Methods and observations that may be used to detect
the presence or release of a hazardous chemicals.
Physical and health hazards
Measures employees can take to protect themselves
from hazards
Details of the CHP

This training is covered in the Hazard Communication Training

Presentation
Training
 Chemical Hygiene Plan

Methods and observations used to detect the

presence or release of chemicals will be
specific to your lab. A good indication of the
presence of a chemical is to rely on your
senses. Can you see it or smell it? Is a
monitoring device needed to detect it? This
can be important information if the chemical
is an asphyxiant and pushes oxygen out of
the room you are in.
 Chemical Hygiene

Protection against chemicals is a combination of

work procedures or practices, emergency
procedures, and PPE. Some chemicals can only
be handled under certain conditions. It is
important to use proper handling procedures and
practices as advised. The emergency procedures
for chemical accidents is to first evacuate the area
and then notify your supervisor, ISU campus
police and EHS office if necessary.
 Chemical Hygiene

Each lab that has chemicals will have a lab

specific Chemical Hygiene Plan. This plan
will detail the procedures and practices for
your specific location. It is your
responsibility to make sure that you review
the CHP.
 Labeling

It is important to know as much about a

chemical as possible. The most dangerous
substance is the one that has no label.
Communicating information is essential in
the science field.
 Labeling

Labeling is also required for chemicals that

are in a secondary container unless it is to
be used within an 8 hr period. When
labeling the secondary container the
following information must be included:
Identity of the hazardous chemical
Appropriate hazard warnings
Name and address of the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or other responsible
party.
 MSDS

There are several constituents that are

covered in the Laboratory Standard. Among
these constituents includes labeling and the
MSDS. Let’s look more closely at the content
of the MSDS.
MSDS
 MSDS

In addition to labeling in a laboratory, the

next most important type of communication
regarding hazards is the MSDS. This is the
acronym for Material Safety Data Sheet.
This will communicate the information
necessary regarding hazards associated
with chemicals and also biological agents.
 MSDS

So what is an MSDS? An MSDS is a document

that relays vital information about certain
chemicals and biological agents. Check below
to see what content the MSDS contains!

MSDS Content
Click here!
 Reading the MSDS

Each component of the MSDS is broken

down into sections. Each section goes into
detail about what precautions to take and
the characteristics of the substance. This is
for both chemicals and biological agents.
See the below links for example MSDSs.

MSDS Biological Agent MSDS Chemical

 Laboratory Information

Why is an MSDS important? When you know

characteristics about a substance it can aid in
precautionary measure to take when using it.
Also, if there is a spill either on a surface or on
your skin, the MSDS can supply you with the
information needed for first aid.
 MSDS

The MSDS to every chemical in your lab

must be available to you. It may be in
a notebook in your lab. Make sure you
find the location of the MSDSs in your
room.

MSDS
 Hazard Communication

If chemicals are used, Hazard Communication

training must be conducted. This training is
specifically for the labs that use chemicals and
the training can be accessed through the EHS
website.

Training
 Exposure Control Plan
The Exposure Control Plan is required for the labs that
have exposure to human blood or Other Potentially
Infectious Material (OPIM). This includes human
blood or human blood products such as semen or
vaginal secretions. This also includes fluids such as:
cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
and amniotic. Saliva and body fluid that is visibly
contaminated with blood also is considered OPIM.
 Exposure Control Plan

The Exposure Control Plan is established to make

an exposure determination and a schedule of
implementation for methods of compliance, HBV
vaccination and post-exposure evaluation including
follow-up, HazCom, and recordkeeping. If you are
working with human blood or OPIM, you must talk
with your supervisor and locate the Exposure
Control Plan.

There would only be a select few laboratories that

this standard would apply to.
Personal Protective Equipment
 What is PPE?

PPE is short for personal protective equipment. This is the

equipment that is necessary to protect yourself from
hazardous and biohazardous materials. PPE could be gloves,
safety glasses, lab coat, shoe covers, respirator or any other
item that could protect you from dangerous materials that you
may encounter in the lab.
 When to use PPE
Knowing what to use and when to use it is the key to properly
protecting yourself. There could be situations that would be
more of a risk and require more PPE than others. The next few
slides will help you in determining what you should be using!
 When to use PPE

Chemical usage poses a variety of hazards.

They can be flammable, corrosive, even toxic
just to name a few. Taking all precautions
to avoid physical and/or health problems is
the number one goal. You can never be too
cautious!
 Chemicals & PPE
When chemicals are being used there is
always the possibility of splashing. The proper
PPE to use when chemicals are involved would
include:
Safety glasses
Gloves
Respirator (depending on the chemical and the exposure
duration)
The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for an 8 hr. shift can be
obtained from the PEL/BEL reference guide. Contact EHS if questions
arise.
 When to use PPE
Biological agents as well as rDNA can pose serious
health problems. Pathogens can cause disease and
possible death in animals and humans. Containment
of the agent/material and proper handling
techniques are the best methods for minimizing risks
that are associated with biological hazards. rDNA
can also be a threat depending on the host and the
vector that is being used.

PPE is only one way that you can protect yourself. It

is your responsibility to ensure that the proper PPE is
used.
 Biological Agents & rDNA
PPE
When biological agents and/or rDNA are
being used the following PPE must be used:

Safety glasses
Gloves
Lab coat
Respirator (Depending on the agent and whether or not an
aerosol is created)
 When to use PPE

Animals have the ability to bite and scratch

unlike many of the other hazards. This can be of
concern when the animal is infected and can
transmit disease to a human. This is called
zoonotic. To avoid infection, proper handling
procedures must be utilized. The appropriate
handling in combination with the PPE can help to
reduce risk.

www.animalpicturesarchive.com
 Animals & PPE
When animals are being used the following
PPE must be used:
Gloves-May need a variety to prevent animal bites.
Lab coat-Needed to protect clothing and used as a barrier. To

Safety glasses-Must be
 
prevent the pathogen from leaving the lab, the lab coat must be
worn and must not leave the                                             
lab.
       worn to prevent possible injury to the

eyes by scratching or flying saw dust bedding. Splashing or

aerosol also requires glasses.
Respirator-May be needed depending on the pathogen.
Check with safety office.
Shoe covers-Used in the animal room and labs that work with
biological agents.
 When to use PPE

Arthropods are associated with potential risks when

they escape since some are vectors of infectious
human diseases. Precautions need to be taken to
minimize the hazards associated with arthropods.
Communication during lab specific training can help
you understand the potential risks associated with the
arthropod that you come in contact with.
 Arthropods & PPE

Depending on the arthropod that you

encounter in the lab, the PPE could vary. In
most cases the PPE below should be used
used.
Gloves
Safety glasses (Use if arthropod is infected or if there is a
chance of the arthropod spraying or jumping in your
eye)
Lab coat (If arthropod is known to be infected)
 Proper Use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Use of PPE

Knowing how to properly use PPE can be

the key to adequate protection. Not only
do you want to make sure it is the proper
size for you, but also make sure you are
wearing it properly. If it is too big or too
small, it is not right for you! Let your
supervisor know if you need a different
size.
 Use of PPE

The main piece of equipment that must be used

appropriately is the respirator. If you work with
infectious agents, a respirator may be required
depending on the biosafety level (BSL) of the agent.
The more pathogenic the agent, the more PPE that is
required. If a respirator is required, you will be part of
the ISU Respiratory Protection Program. This requires
a physical, fit-test, and additional training before use.
If the respirator is not properly fit to you, serious
health problems can result.

Training
 Use of PPE

If you think you need a respirator talk

with your supervisor or contact EHS
(438-8325)
 Location & Availability of PPE

Each Lab should have a designated area for the PPE

that is used. The PPE should also be readily
available when working with materials that require
it. If the proper equipment is not available, you
should not proceed with the work. Notify your
supervisor when you need to order PPE. Give an
advanced notice when possible due to shipping time.
Always consider in advance what you will need
when conducting research.
PPE
 Maintenance of PPE

In order to be able to rely on your equipment, you

must take care of it. Keep the PPE clean and
disinfected. It should be cleaned before and after use
when possible. Proper maintenance can not only
extend the life of the equipment, but also keep cost
down. Keeping the cost down on the Personal
Protective Equipment can help to better allocate the
money toward larger equipment needed for research.
What is a Sharp?
 What is a “Sharp”?

A sharp is defined as any instrument, tool, or

item that has rigid, acute edges,
protuberances or corners capable of cutting,
piercing, ripping or puncturing such as
syringes, blades, and broken glass. Items
that have the potential for shattering or
breaking are also considered sharps.

http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/training/bloodborne/bloodborne.html
 Safe Practices

When using a sharp there is a risk of being cut

by the object and possible infection occurring
depending on what the sharp was used for. If
hypodermic needles are used, special
precautions must be taken to reduce the risk of
a needlestick. After use of the needle do not
recap, place directly in the sharp container.
 Disposal of Sharps

All sharps must be placed into a rigid,

puncture and leak-resistant container that

 
is also impervious to moisture. The
sharps container must be labeled either
with “Biohazard” or “Infectious Waste”.
                                                     
                                                          

Do not over fill the sharps container.

http://www.ehrs.upenn.edu/training/bloodborne/bloodborne.html
 Disposal of Sharps

When the sharps

container is full it must
be collected by the EHS
office. A waste pick-up
form can be completed
and a collection can be
scheduled. A waste
pick-up form can be
obtained from the EHS
office (438-8325).
 Sharps Log

If an injury occurs as a result of a sharps

accident, it must be recorded in the Sharps Log.
This log is kept by the supervisor and is viewed
upon annual inspection. The main purpose of
the log is for risk assessment and
documentation. If a sharps injury involves an
infectious agent or anything beyond first aid, it
is advised to seek medical attention at the
Student Health Services.
What is a Risk Group (RG)?
 Risk Group

According to National Institute of

Health, there is a risk associated to
certain research. This is targeting The Risk

the laboratories that work with RG 1

RG 2
infectious agents and rDNA. A risk RG 3

group (RG) is determined by the RG 4

nature of the research. The more

hazards there are with the
agent/material, the higher the risk
group and therefore more
stringent the containment and
work practices become.
 Risk Groups
The risk groups are broken down by the following

Risk Group 1 (RG1)

Agents are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans
(low individual & community risk) Example: Bacillus subtilis

Risk Group 2 (RG2)

Agents are associated with human disease, which is rarely
serious, and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions
 
are often available (moderate individual risk, limited community
risk) Example: Streptococcus aureus
 Risk Groups

Risk Group 3 (RG3)

Agents are associated with serious or lethal human disease for
which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available
(high individual risk but low community risk) Example: Hantavirus

Risk Group 4 (RG4)

Agents are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for

which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually
available (high individual risk & high community risk) Example:
Ebola Virus
 Risk Groups

The RG in your lab is to be determined

by your supervisor. The information is
to be communicated to you during your
lab specific training.

Training
What is a Biological Safety Level
(BSL)?
 Biological Safety Level

Along with the Risk Group there is also an associated

Biological Safety Level (BSL). This has the same
principle as the RG in that as the risk increases, the
containment and practices become more stringent. For
most cases, if your lab is a RG 1 then the BSL is 1.

CDC and NIH have set guidelines to help protect

individuals who work with infectious agents and/or rDNA.
 Biosafety Levels (BSL)

The different BSLs have

been established as
preventative measures
against human infection.
Taking precautionary
measures can help to
minimize hazards
associated with infectious
agents.
 BSL

As the risk increases, the BSL also

increases. Each BSL has specific
containment practices that CDC and NIH
have advised. When the lab specific
training is conducted by your supervisor,
she/he will go through the BSL guidelines
for your lab.

Training
 BSL-1 Laboratory

BIOHAZARD
All Personal Protective Equipment shall be removed prior to leaving this work area.

Eating, drinking, smoking applying cosmetics or lip balm and handling contacts lenses area
prohibited in this work area.

Name of infectious agent(s):

________________________________________________________________ __________________

________________________________________________________________ __________________

Transmission route(s):
________________________________________________________________ __________________

Special requirements for entering this area:

________________________________________________________________ __________________

________________________________________________________________ __________________
Emergency contacts
Name: ________________________________ Title: ______________ Phone: _______________
________________________________ _______________ _______________
________________________________ _______________ _______________
EH&S office (M-F 8-5) 646-3327 (after hours) 911.
________________________________________________________________ __________________
*Biosafety Level 2 is similar to BSL-1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potentia l
hazard to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL -1 in that
1.Lab personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic ag ents and directed to competent scientist;
2. Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted:
3. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items and
4. Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological
safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment

New Mexico State University Date _______

Environmental Health & Safety

Signs and Labeling

 Labeling

Biological material that others may have

access to should be labeled. This would
include items such as cultures. The label
should describe what the content is and also
any precautions. An example is below.

Escherichia coli
Precautions:
Must use Eye protection, lab coat, gloves
Only use under BSC
 Labeling
Chemical labeling has been briefly touched on earlier
in the presentation. One must remember that if any
chemical is transferred to a secondary container, this
container must be labeled. If the chemical will be
used by the end of the work shift, then labeling is
not necessary. Good science practices would
encourage you to label all containers.

So what is included on the Label?

Click here
 Signs

Signs are a way of communicating important

information. It is a way to heighten
awareness about hazards that exist.

There may be signs on laboratory

refrigerators reminding you that no food or
drink can be stored in it. There may be
radioactive or biological materials that could
possibly be absorbed in food.

There may also be signs which denote that

PPE must be used.
 Signs

Labs which use rDNA and BSL-1 Laboratory

infectious agents must have a

sign posted on the outside of the BIOHAZARD

door. Before someone enters the

All Personal Protective Equipment shall be removed prior to leaving this work area.

Eating, drinking, smoking applying cosmetics or lip balm and handling contacts lenses area
prohibited in this work area.

Name of infectious agent(s):

lab, they will have the information

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Transmission route(s):
__________________________________________________________________________________

they need to protect themselves.

Special requirements for entering this area:
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
Emergency contacts
Name: ________________________________ Title: ______________ Phone: _______________
________________________________ _______________ _______________

Always read the signs carefully so

________________________________ _______________ _______________
EH&S office (M-F 8-5) 646-3327 (after hours) 911.
__________________________________________________________________________________
*Biosafety Level 2 is similar to BSL-1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential
hazard to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that
1.Lab personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and directed to competent scientist;
2. Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted:

you know what precautions to

3. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items and
4. Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological
safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment

New Mexico State University Date _______

Environmental Health & Safety

take.
Containment of Laboratory
 Containment

Containment of a laboratory is to confine

organisms containing rDNA molecules and/or
infectious materials. The purpose is to
reduce or eliminate the potential for
exposure of the laboratory worker, persons
outside of the laboratory, and the
environment from organisms containing
rDNA and infectious materials.
 Containment

There are three elements to containment:

Laboratory Practices
Containment Equipment
Special laboratory design

Let’s take a closer look

 Practices and Techniques

Responsible practices and techniques are

required when working with hazardous
materials. This is one very important way to
reduce accidents/injuries. The following
practices should be followed in addition to
reviewing the Biosafety Manual:

Practices and Techniques

Safety Equipment

The Primary Barriers

 Safety Equipment

Certain equipment is necessary to achieve

compliance and most importantly to provide
adequate protection.

The safety equipment that is needed is

known as primary and secondary barriers.
Let’s take a look at the difference in the
barriers.
 Primary Barriers
Primary barriers are referring to protective measures including
engineering controls. This includes not only PPE that has already
been covered, but it also includes safety cabinets, fume hoods,
vaccines and autoclaves.

It is important to know when this equipment

is to be used and how to properly use it.
 Primary Barriers

Let’s look at the following barriers:

(Besides PPE)

Fume hood

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

Autoclave
 Fume Hood

The fume hood is used with chemicals. The

main function is to exhaust the vapors and
gases that are generated in the hood to the
outside. The hood is designed to minimize
your exposure to airborne contaminants. This
is not to be used with biohazardous materials.
 Fume Hood Use
When using the fume hood you first need to make
sure the exhaust blower is operating and air is
entering the hood.

Remember, do not put your face inside the hood!

Minimize storage of chemicals in the hood

Clean spills immediately

Work with the sash at the proper operating level as

indicated by the arrows
 Biological Safety Cabinet

The biological safety cabinet (BSC) is used as

a containment for infectious agents. The BSC
has a HEPA filter in the exhaust system to
protect the environment and yourself.

The (HEPA) filter is a high efficiency

particulate air filter. It is able to remove
particles at a size of 0.3 m with an efficiency
of 99.97%. It is also able to remove both
smaller and larger particles.
 BSC

There are 3 classes of BSC that are used.

The higher the risk group and biosafety
level, the higher the class of cabinet that is
used.
If there is an infectious agent being used,
whether it is used in research animals or
cultured, it must be manipulated inside the
BSC.
 BSC
When using this containment device, remember to
also use the proper personal protective
equipment. The following PPE should be
considered depending on the BSL that is required
for the organism that you use.

Gloves
Lab Coat
Shoe Covers
Safety Glasses
Respirator
 Use of BSC

Always make sure that the BSC has been

decontaminated both before and after use.
Decontamination methods vary depending
on the infectious agent being used. Once
the decontamination of the cabinet is
complete, place the waste in a biohazard
bag for autoclave.
 Use of BSC

Do not bring contaminated materials out of

the cabinet until they have been surface
decontaminated. If you are unable to
decontaminate, place the material into a
closed container to transfer it to the autoclave
 Work Practices for the BSC

Remember to follow the work practices:

Work in such a way that your face is above the front

opening

Wait for 1 minute after placing hands/arms inside the

cabinet to stabilize the air flow

Work at least 4 inches from the inside edge of the

front of the grille
Work Practices for the BSC

Remember to place all materials as far

back in the cabinet as possible

Limit the storage within the cabinet

 Autoclave
An autoclave is used to treat infectious
material and rDNA. As a standard for the
University, all material of this nature must be
autoclaved as a safety precaution. The
autoclave is able to render the material as
non-infectious.
 Autoclave

The autoclave is able to reach a high

temperature to sterilize the agent. It is
important to know the standard operating
procedures (SOP) for the autoclave. The
SOP is located next to each autoclave. If the
temperature or pressure is inadequate, the
bag is overfilled, or the peak time is not long
enough the material will not be properly
decontaminated.
 Autoclave

The autoclave is sensitive to

time, temperature, pressure,
water content, type of
container being used and the
type of waste being sterilized.
When using the autoclave there
are a few important point to
remember in order for the
process to be effective.
 Procedures

The material being autoclaved must be placed inside

an autoclave red bag or in a pan (Do not overfill the
bag).

Add ~250-500ml water to the bag or pan for steam to

generate and properly circulate

A spore strip or other approved tape must be placed

on the outside of the bag or pan to verify that the
heat treatment was successful. You will have to verify
that a color change took place.
 Procedures

The autoclave must reach a temperature of 121°C (250

°F) for at least ½ hour at a pressure of 15psi

After successfully being autoclaved, the material can be

placed in regular trash.

Sharps must be incinerated. When the container is full,

a pick up can be scheduled through EHS and from
there Student Health Services will incinerate the sharps
container for proper disposal
 Autoclave Log

Each time the autoclave is used, the log must

be completed by the individual using it. The
log is to be located at the site of the autoclave.
The information contained within the log is as
follows: Date
Generator Name (P.I.)
Location
Time the autoclave reached 121°C
Max Temp.
Pressure
Type of waste
If spores or tape were used
Weight
Person using autoclave
 Autoclave Log

The log is required by EPA and it must be

maintained for 3 years by the department.

The purpose of the log is to ensure that

proper decontamination is taking place

If a new log is needed at the autoclave,

contact biology department or EHS.
 Facility Design

The Secondary Barriers

 Secondary Barriers

Secondary barriers are the facility design

and construction. These barriers are to
provide protection for the individuals
outside the lab, the community, and the
environment.
 Secondary Barriers

An example of a Secondary barrier would be a

laboratory. It is separate from the classroom and has
limited access.
The animal room has limited access and is only
available to authorized personnel.
The autoclave is set away from the normal traffic.
The handwashing facilities are located within
the lab and not accessible by the outside
students.
Decontamination
 Decontamination

Decontamination is the removal or

neutralization of toxic agents or the use of
physical or chemical means to remove,
inactivate, or destroy living organisms. This
includes both sterilization and disinfection.
 Decontamination

Decontamination is the responsibility of all

laboratory workers. Failure to
decontaminate can result in exposure to
infectious agents which can cause great
illness. Most decontamination can be
done by chemicals. This technique is used
only when autoclaving is not possible.
Continue on to see what would be best for
your lab.
 Chemicals

There are a variety of chemicals that can

be used as an effective method of
decontamination. Depending on the
agent being used, the method to use may
vary along with the contact time. For
most organisms, a 1:100 chlorine solution
for 10-30 minutes is adequate. The
Biosafety Manual has a list of sterilizers/
disinfectants that can be used.
 Autoclave

The autoclave is the most effective method to

use for decontamination purposes. As a
general rule of thumb, autoclave all materials
that are considered infectious agent, rDNA, or
resemble components of this nature. When in
doubt, AUTOCLAVE! If a material is not
capable of autoclave because of its size,
material, or it is stationary, then rely on
chemical disinfectant as a second option.
 Incineration

There are other methods that can be used for

decontamination such as incineration. This is
the most reliable method, but it will destroy all
materials placed in it and it creates
environmental pollutants. If you must
incinerate, contact EHS.
Spills and Accidents
 SOP

Spills and accidents can pose a serious

health and safety threat. When a spill
occurs, an aerosol can be created which can
make the material several times more
potent. The best measure to take in order
to protect yourself is to be prepared. There
should be standard operating procedures for
this type of situation in your lab.
 What to Do?

Being able to recognize the hazards, mitigate the

spill, and notifying response authorities can be your
best defense. The first response to a spill should be
to evacuate the immediate area until the scope of
the hazard has been addressed. Seek medical
attention if necessary. Allow sufficient time for the
aerosol to settle before considering entering the
room. If you are responsible for clean up, proper
training shall be addressed.
 How to Report

When a spill occurs, it must be recorded in the

Spill Log. The main purpose of the log is to
track an exposure in case of future
illness/injury. Report to your supervisor all
spills. If medical attention is needed, it is
suggested to go to Student Health Services.
Waste Management
 Waste

Hazardous and biohazardous waste has

special guidelines for proper disposal. It is
important to properly dispose of waste to
ensure human and environmental health.
EPA regulates the waste that is generated
at ISU.
 Waste

Waste can be classified as either hazardous or

biohazardous. Let’s take a closer look at the
differences.

Hazardous Waste- This is a waste which contains the

characteristics of being any of the following:

Toxic
Corrosive
Ignitable
Flammable
Oxidizer
 Waste

A biohazardous waste is any waste that is

considered infectious and/or because of its
biological nature it can cause physical or
health hazards in humans, animals, plants or
the environment. This includes recombinant
DNA and other genetically altered organisms
and agents.
 Proper Disposal

Waste that is considered biohazardous can be

disposed of in regular trash once it has been
rendered non-infectious. If a biohazard
labeled bag is used, make sure it is either
placed in a secondary bag or a completely
new bag that is not red.

http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/Medical/html/biohazardous.htm
 Proper Disposal

Hazardous waste must be disposed of

through the Environmental Health & Safety
office. If you need to have hazardous waste
picked up, contact EHS for a pick-up form or
go online at www.ehs.illinoisstate.edu/

EHS 438-8325
You have now completed the General Lab Safety
Training presentation. If you have any questions
please take the time to ask your supervisor or call
EHS. By signing the training form, you are
stating that you have completed the training and
that you understand the content within the
training. Please fill out the Certificate of
Completion on the next slide & turn into
your immediate supervisor.

Laboratory Safety Training

Certificate