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    Fluida Minggu Ke-3: Oleh: Siti Nurhasanah

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    Desrizal A
    This document discusses fluid flow in pipes including: - Pressure losses due to friction along the pipe length - Factors affecting friction like pipe roughness, Reynolds number, and flow type (laminar or turbulent) - Graphs of roughness factors for common pipe materials - Equations for calculating pressure loss for different pipe components like expansions, contractions, elbows, and valves - How friction losses increase the required pump power or head - Equations for calculating pump efficiency and determining actual required power based on theoretical power It provides examples of calculating flow properties, pressure losses, and pump requirements for given pipe systems.

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    Fluida Minggu Ke-3: Oleh: Siti Nurhasanah

    Uploaded by

    Desrizal A
    45 views16 pages
    This document discusses fluid flow in pipes including: - Pressure losses due to friction along the pipe length - Factors affecting friction like pipe roughness, Reynolds number, and flow type (laminar or turbulent) - Graphs of roughness factors for common pipe materials - Equations for calculating pressure loss for different pipe components like expansions, contractions, elbows, and valves - How friction losses increase the required pump power or head - Equations for calculating pump efficiency and determining actual required power based on theoretical power It provides examples of calculating flow properties, pressure losses, and pump requirements for given pipe systems.

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    fluida 3 2013

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    This document discusses fluid flow in pipes including: - Pressure losses due to friction along the pipe length - Factors affecting friction like pipe roughness, Reynolds number, and flow type (laminar or turbulent) - Graphs of roughness factors for common pipe materials - Equations for calculating pressure loss for different pipe components like expansions, contractions, elbows, and valves - How friction losses increase the required pump power or head - Equations for calculating pump efficiency and determining actual required power based on theoretical power It provides examples of calculating flow properties, pressure losses, and pump requirements for given pipe systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views16 pages

    Fluida Minggu Ke-3: Oleh: Siti Nurhasanah

    Uploaded by

    Desrizal A
    This document discusses fluid flow in pipes including: - Pressure losses due to friction along the pipe length - Factors affecting friction like pipe roughness, Reynolds number, and flow type (laminar or turbulent) - Graphs of roughness factors for common pipe materials - Equations for calculating pressure loss for different pipe components like expansions, contractions, elbows, and valves - How friction losses increase the required pump power or head - Equations for calculating pump efficiency and determining actual required power based on theoretical power It provides examples of calculating flow properties, pressure losses, and pump requirements for given pipe systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Satuan Operasi - 1

    Fluida Minggu ke-3


    Oleh :
    Siti Nurhasanah

    JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PANGAN


    FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN
    UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
    Fluida yang mengalir dalam pipa yang berdiameter D dan
    panjang L  mengalami hambatan alir sehingga terjadi
    kehilangan energi Ef
    Ef = P/r = 2f2L/D
    dimana f = faktor friksi

    Untuk aliran laminar  f = 16/Re

    Sedangkan untuk aliran turbulen :

    1  6, 9   / D 111
    ,

     3, 6 log    
    f  Re  3 , 7  
    e adalah faktor kekasaran permukaan pipa. Pers tsb dapat
    digunakan dalam perhitungan spreadsheet excel
    Selain itu dapat menggunakan grafik sbb :
    Mekanika Fluida –Friksi pada Pipa – hal 2
    RELATIVE ROUGHNESS FACTORS FOR PIPES

    Material Roughness factor (e) Material Roughness factor (e)


    Riveted steel 0.001- 0.01   Galvanized iron 0.0002
    Asphalted cast
    Concrete 0.0003 - 0.003   0.001
    iron
    Wood staves 0.0002 - 0.003   Commercial steel 0.00005
    Cast iron 0.0003   Drawn tubing Smooth
    Concrete is a composite construction material
    composed primarily of aggregate, cement, and
    water

    Riveted Steel Plate Texture

    Cast iron pipe fittings are specially


    designed for soil pipes.
    Galvanized iron

    Galvanized iron pipes are actually steel pipes


    that are covered with a protective layer of zinc.

    Steel pipes are asphalt coated while cast and


    ductile iron pipes are lined with either enamel
    or cement
    Tube drawing is a metalworking process to size
    tube by shrinking a large diameter tube into a
    smaller one, by drawing the tube through a die
    Pressure energy

    If the fluid is considered as being in a cylinder of cross-sectional area A (m2)


    and a piston is moved a distance L (m) by the fluid against the pressure P
    (Pa) the work done is PAL joules. The quantity of the fluid performing this
    work is ALr (kg). Therefore the pressure energy that can be obtained from
    one kg of fluid (that is the work that can be done by this kg of fluid) is given by
    Er where Er = PAL / Alr

        = P/r   (J)


    Water flows at the rate of 0.4 m3 min-1 in a 7.5 cm diameter pipe at a
    pressure of 70 kPa. If the pipe reduces to 5 cm diameter calculate the new
    pressure in the pipe.
    Density of water is 1000 kg m-3.
    Flow rate of water = 0.4 m3 min-1 = 0.4/60 m3 s-1.
    Area of 7.5 cm diameter pipe = (p/4)D2
                                               = (p/4)(0.075)2
                                               = 4.42 x 10-3 m2.
    So velocity of flow in 7.5 cm diameter pipe,
                                           v1 = (0.4/60)/(4.42 x 10-3) = 1.51 m s-1
    Area of 5 cm diameter pipe    = (p/4)(0.05)2
                                               = 1.96 x 10-3 m2
    and so velocity of flow in 5 cm diameter pipe,
                                           v2 = (0.4/60)/(1.96 x 10-3) = 3.4 m s-1
    Now
               Z1g + v12/2 + P1 /r1 = Z2g + v22/2 + P2 /r2

    and so
    0 + (1.51)2/2 + 70 x 103/1000 = 0 + (3.4)2/2 + P2/1000
                             0 + 1.1 + 70 = 0 + 5.8 + P2/1000
                                   P2/1000 = (71.1 - 5.8) = 65.3
    Calculate the pressure drop along 170 m of 5 cm diameter horizontal steel
    pipe through which olive oil at 20°C is flowing at the rate of 0.1 m3 min-1.
    Diameter of pipe = 0.05 m,
    Area of cross-section A
                             = (p/4)D2
                             = p/4 x (0.05)2
                             = 1.96 x 10-3 m2

    Viscosity of olive oil at 20°C = 84 x 10-3 Ns m-2 and density = 910 kg m-3,
     and velocity = (0.1 x 1/60)/(1.96 x 10-3) = 0.85 m s-1,
                Re = (Dvr/m)
                       f = ...
    DPf = (4frv2/2) x (L/D)
    • Faktor friksi (f) dalam pipa yang berdiameter D dengan
    tingkat kekasaran pipa e adalah :

    Mekanika Fluida –Friksi pada Pipa – hal 10


    Untuk pembesaran ukuran
    (ekspansi), kehilangan energi :
    P/r = Cfe2/2

    Cfe = (1-A1/A2)2

    Jika pembesaran sangat besar


    A1/A2 = 0  Cfe = 1,0
    Untuk penyempitan ukuran
    (kontraksi), kehilangan energi :
    P/r = Cfc2/2

    Cfc = 0,4(1,25-A2/A1) utk A2/A1< 0,715

    Cfc = 0,75(1-A2/A1) utk A2/A1> 0,715

    Mekanika Fluida –Friksi pada Pipa – hal 11


    Mekanika Fluida –Friksi pada Pipa – hal 12

    Untuk kran, belokan dan percabangan, kehilangan energi :


    P/r = Cff2/2

    Cff untuk
    • Belokan panjang 45o (flanged) = 0,2
    • Belokan panjang 90o (threaded) = 0,7
    • Belokan panjang 90o (flanged) = 0,2
    • Belokan 45o (threaded) = 0,4
    • Belokan 90o (threaded) =1,5
    • Belokan 90o (flanged) = 0,3
    • Kran (angle, fully open) = 2
    • Kran (ball, 1/3 closed) = 5,5
    • Kran (ball, fully open) = 0,05
    • Dst ???
    Adanya kehilangan energi tsb, menyebabkan beban
    pemompaan menjadi lebih besar :

    Energi pompa :
    Ep [J/kg] = P/r + (v2)/2 + gh + 2fv2L/D + Cfev2/2D + Cfcv2/2D
    + Cffv2/2D

    Head pompa :
    hp [m] = P/rg + (v2)/2g + h + 2fv2L/gD + Cfev2/2gD +
    Cfcv2/2gD + Cffv2/2gD

    Power pompa () = m Epompa [kg/s] [J/kg]  [watt]

    Pada kenyataannya power pompa yang diperlukan lebih


    besar karena adanya efisiensi ()< 100%
     =  m Ep
    Mekanika Fluida –Friksi pada Pipa – hal 13
    Efisiensi () pompa diperoleh dari :
     = fl /bk
    bk = break power  tenaga dari batang torak  dengan
    kecepatan angular w
    bk = w 
    fl = tenaga fluida dalam bentuk kecepatan rata-rata :
    bk = r g hp = m g hp

    Head pompa :
    hp = hd – hs ; hd = head dorong ; hs = head sedot

    hd = d2/2g + zd +Pd /rg


    hs = s2/2g + zs +Ps /rg

    d = /Ad dan s = /As

    Mekanika Fluida –Pompa – hal 14


    Latihan Soal

    A 50% sucrose solution at 200C is flowing in a pipe with 0.0475 m inside


    diameter and 10 m length at a rate of 3 m3/h. Find:
    a) the mean velocity
    b) The maximum velocity
    c) the pressure drop of the sucrose solution
    The viscosity and the density of the sucrose solution at 200C are 15.43
    cp and 1232 kg/m3 respectively

    Saturated steam at 1500C is flowing in a steel pipe of 2 in nominal


    diameter. If the average velocity of the steam is 10m/s, calculate the
    mass flow rate of the steam.
    specific volume of saturated steam at 1500C from the steam tables:
    v = 0.3928 m3/kg

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