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    Transcription Converts A Gene Into A Single-Stranded RNA Molecule

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    Tofik Mohammed
    Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase binds to the start of a gene and unwinds the DNA, allowing nucleotides to pair with the DNA strand and be bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then detaches from the DNA and carries the genetic message to the ribosomes for protein production. Transcription results in three main types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA and tRNA - and shares some similarities with DNA replication but has the key difference of only copying one gene at a time.

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    Transcription Converts A Gene Into A Single-Stranded RNA Molecule

    Uploaded by

    Tofik Mohammed
    60 views10 pages
    Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase binds to the start of a gene and unwinds the DNA, allowing nucleotides to pair with the DNA strand and be bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then detaches from the DNA and carries the genetic message to the ribosomes for protein production. Transcription results in three main types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA and tRNA - and shares some similarities with DNA replication but has the key difference of only copying one gene at a time.

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    Original Title

    8.4 Transciption

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    Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase binds to the start of a gene and unwinds the DNA, allowing nucleotides to pair with the DNA strand and be bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then detaches from the DNA and carries the genetic message to the ribosomes for protein production. Transcription results in three main types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA and tRNA - and shares some similarities with DNA replication but has the key difference of only copying one gene at a time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views10 pages

    Transcription Converts A Gene Into A Single-Stranded RNA Molecule

    Uploaded by

    Tofik Mohammed
    Transcription is the process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase binds to the start of a gene and unwinds the DNA, allowing nucleotides to pair with the DNA strand and be bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA molecule then detaches from the DNA and carries the genetic message to the ribosomes for protein production. Transcription results in three main types of RNA - mRNA, rRNA and tRNA - and shares some similarities with DNA replication but has the key difference of only copying one gene at a time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    8.

    4 Transcription

    KEY CONCEPT
    Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded
    RNA molecule.
    8.4 Transcription
    RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
    • The central dogma
    states that
    information flows in
    one direction from
    DNA to RNA to
    proteins.
    8.4 Transcription

    • The central dogma includes three processes.


    – Replication
    – Transcription replication

    – Translation
    • RNA is a link between transcription

    DNA and proteins.

    translation
    8.4 Transcription

    • RNA differs from DNA in three major ways.


    – RNA has a ribose sugar.
    – RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
    – RNA is a single-stranded structure.
    8.4 Transcription

    Transcription makes three types of RNA.


    • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA.
    8.4 Transcription

    • Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase.


    – RNA polymerase and other proteins form a
    transcription complex.
    – The transcription complex recognizes the start of
    a gene and unwinds a segment of it.

    transcription complex
    start site

    nucleotides
    8.4 Transcription

    – Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA.


    – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together.
    – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.

    DNA

    RNA polymerase
    moves along the DNA
    8.4 Transcription

    – The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene
    is transcribed.

    RNA
    8.4 Transcription

    • Transcription makes three types of RNA.


    – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will
    be translated to form a protein.
    – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where
    proteins are made.
    – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the
    cytoplasm to a ribosome.
    8.4 Transcription

    The transcription process is similar to replication.


    • Transcription and replication both involve complex
    enzymes and complementary base pairing.
    • The two processes have different end results.
    – Replication copies
    all the DNA;
    transcription copies one
    gene growing RNA strands
    a gene.
    – Replication makes
    one copy; DNA
    transcription can
    make many copies.

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