Ausubel's Meaningful Verbal Learning

Republic of the Philippines
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

EAST-WEST MINDANAO COLLEGES, INC
Kamasi, Ampatuan, Maguindanao
Graduate School
ADVANCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
JOANNE S. ALEMANIA
Presenter
LEODIE MONES
Instuctor
July 2022
DAVID PAUL AUSUBEL
DAVID PAUL AUSUBEL
• October 25, 1918 – July 9, 2008

• He was an American psychologist.
• He graduated from medical school at Middlesex University. Later he earned a
Ph.D in Developmental Psychology at Columbia University.
• He was influenced by the work of Piaget.
• His most significant contribution to the fields of educational psychology,
cognitive science, and science education learning was on the development and
research on "advance organizers“.
MEANINGFUL VERBAL LEARNING
Meaning is created through some form of representational

equivalence between language (symbols) and mental context.
Two processes are involved:

1. Reception Learning - How will students process new
knowlege?
2. Discovery Learning – What do students want to learn?
SUBSUMPTION THEORY
• Subsumption – Is a process by which new materials related to

relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure.
Four Processes For Meaningful Learning

1. Derivative Subsumption
2. Correlative Subsumption
3. Superordinate Learning
4. Combinatorial Learning
1. Derivative Subsumption
• This describes the situation in which the new information

you learn is an example of a concept you already learned .
2. Correlative Subsumption
• This describes the accommodation of new information by

changing or expanding the concept.
3. Superordinate Learning
• Is when you knew a lot of examples of the concept, but did

not know the concept itself until it was taught to you.
4. Combinatorial Learning
• It describes a process by which the new idea is derived from

another idea that is neither higher or lower in the hierarchy,
but at the same level (in a different, but related, “branch”).
Advance Organizer
• Is a tool or a mental learning aid to help students `integrate new

information with their existing knowledge, leading to "meaningful
learning" as opposed to rote memorization. It is a means of preparing
the learner's cognitive structure for the learning experience about to
take place.
ADVANCE ORGANIZER
The major instructional tool proposed

by David Ausubel.
TWO
BENEFITS
You will find it easier to You can readily see how

connect new information with concepts in a certain topic are
what you already know about related to each other
the topic
Types Of Advance Organizers
1. Expository – describes new knowledge.

2. Narrative- presents new information in story format.
3. Skimming- is done by looking over the material to gain a
basic overview.
4. Graphic organizers- pictographs, descriptive or conceptual
patterns, concept maps.
BENJAMIN SAMUEL BLOOM
BENJAMIN SAMUEL BLOOM
• Feb. 1913- Sep.1999

• Was a Jewish American educational psychologist.
• spent over 50 years at the university of Chicago where he worked in
the Department of Education.
• Published a framework for categorizing educational goals: taxonomy
of educational objectives.
HISTORY OF BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
• Bloom‟s taxonomy was created in 1948 by psychologist benjamin

bloom and several colleagues. Originally developed as a method of
classifying educational goals for student performance evaluation,
bloom‟s taxonomy has been revised over the years and is still utilized
in education today.
THREE DOMAINS OF LEARNING
1.Cognitive - the cognitive domain covered “the recall or recognition of

knowledge and the development of intellectual abilities and skills”.
2. Affective - the affective domain covered “changes in interest, attitudes, and
values, and the development of appreciations and adequate adjustment”.
3. Psychomotor- The psychomotor domain encompassed “the manipulative or
motor-skill area.”
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES IN THE
COGNITIVE DOMAIN
THE ORIGINAL BLOOM’S TAXONOMY CONTAINED
SIX DEVELOPMENTAL CATEGORIES
Knowledge – students recall, memorize, list and repeat information.

 Define streambank, floodplain and substrate.
 Draw and label a diagram of a typical stream.
Comprehension- students classify, describe, discuss, identify, and explain information.

Describe in your own words what happens when a stream's velocity slows.
Application- students demonstrate, interpret, and write about what they’ve
learned and solve problems.
Dramatize some of the problems a homeowner might encounter by
building in a floodplain.
Analysis- students compare, contrast, distinguish, and examine what they‟ve

learned with other information, and they have the opportunity to question and
test this knowledge.
Contrast building in the coastal zone with building in a river
floodplain.
Synthesis- students argue, defend, support, and evaluate their opinion on this
information.
Design an environmentally responsible subdivision to be built near
the Tangipahoa river.
Evaluation -students create a new project, product, or point of view.

Decide whether you are in favor of building on a floodplain; defend your
position in a debate.
ORIGINAL TAXONOMY(1956)  REVISED TAXONOMY(2001)
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY IN THE CLASSROOM
• Bloom‟s taxonomy can be used across grade levels and content areas. By using
bloom‟s taxonomy in the classroom, teachers can assess students on multiple
learning outcomes that are aligned to local, state, and national standards and
objectives. Within each level of the taxonomy, there are various tasks that move
students through the thought process. This interactive activity demonstrates how
all levels of bloom’s taxonomy can be achieved with one image.
ROBERT MILLS GAGNE
ROBERT MILLS GAGNE
• August 21, 1916 – april 28, 2002

• Was an american educational psychologist best known for his "conditions
of learning".
• Gagné pioneered the science of instruction during world war ii when he
worked with the army air corps training pilots.
• Gagné was also involved in applying concepts of instructional theory to
the design of computer-based training and multimedia based learning.
FIVE CATEGORIES OF LEARNING
1. Intellectual skills: create individual competence and ability to respond to stimuli.

2. Cognitive strategies: capability to learn, think, and remember
3. Verbal information: rote memorization of names, faces, dates, phone numbers, etc.
4. Motor skills: capability to learn to drive, ride a bike, draw a straight line, etc.
5. Attitudes: ingrained bias towards different ideas, people, situation, and may affect how one
acts towards these things.
Each category requires different methods in order for the particular skill set to be learned.
EIGHT WAYS TO LEARN
1. Signal learning: A general response to a signal. Like a dog responding to a command.

2. Stimulus-response learning: A precise response to a distinct stimulus.
3. Chaining: A chain of two or more stimulus-response connections is acquired. 4. Verbal
association: the learning of chains that are verbal.
5. Discrimination learning: the ability to make different responses to similar appearing
stimuli.
6. Concept learning: A common response to a class of stimuli.
7. Rule learning. Learning a chain of two or more concepts.
8. Problem solving. A kind of learning that requires "thinking."
DESIGNING INSTRUCTION
Skills are to be learned at the lowest level and mastered before

proceeding. An instructor should use positive reinforcement and
repetition, with each new skill building upon previously acquired skills
STEPS OF PLANNING INSTRUCTION
• 1. Identify the types of learning outcomes: each outcome may have prerequisite knowledge or skills that
must be identified.
• 2. Identify the internal conditions or processes the learner must have to achieve the outcomes.
• 3. Identify the external conditions or instruction needed to achieve the outcomes.
• 4. Specify the learning context.
• 5. Record the characteristics of the learners.
• 6. Select the media for instruction.
• 7. Plan to motivate the learners.
• 8. Test the instruction with learners in the form of formative evaluation.
• 9. After the instruction has been used, summative evaluation is used the judge the effectiveness of the
instruction. Problem solving
NINE STEPS OF INSTRUCTION
1. Gain attention: present stimulus to ensure reception of instruction.

2. Tell the learners the learning objective: what will the pupil gain from the instruction?
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning: ask for recall of existing relevant knowledge.
4. Present the stimulus: display the content.
5. Provide learning guidance
6. Elicit performance: learners respond to demonstrate knowledge.
7. Provide feedback: give informative feedback on the learner's performance.
8. Assess performance: more performance and more feedback, to reinforce information.
9.Enhance retention and transfer to other contexts .
EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTION
• 1. Have the objectives been met?

• 2. Is the new program better than the previous one?
• 3. What additional effects does the new program include?

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Republic of the Philippines

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

ADVANCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

• October 25, 1918 – July 9, 2008

Meaning is created through some form of representational

Two processes are involved:

• Subsumption – Is a process by which new materials related to

Four Processes For Meaningful Learning

• This describes the situation in which the new information

• This describes the accommodation of new information by

• Is when you knew a lot of examples of the concept, but did

• It describes a process by which the new idea is derived from

• Is a tool or a mental learning aid to help students `integrate new

The major instructional tool proposed

You will find it easier to You can readily see how

1. Expository – describes new knowledge.

• Feb. 1913- Sep.1999

• Bloom‟s taxonomy was created in 1948 by psychologist benjamin

1.Cognitive - the cognitive domain covered “the recall or recognition of

Knowledge – students recall, memorize, list and repeat information.

Comprehension- students classify, describe, discuss, identify, and explain information.

Analysis- students compare, contrast, distinguish, and examine what they‟ve

Evaluation -students create a new project, product, or point of view.

• August 21, 1916 – april 28, 2002

1. Intellectual skills: create individual competence and ability to respond to stimuli.

1. Signal learning: A general response to a signal. Like a dog responding to a command.

Skills are to be learned at the lowest level and mastered before

1. Gain attention: present stimulus to ensure reception of instruction.

• 1. Have the objectives been met?

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