Rig Components: We LL Drilling Eng Dana Mohammad
Rig Components: We LL Drilling Eng Dana Mohammad
Rig Components: We LL Drilling Eng Dana Mohammad
Components We ll
Drilling
1 Hoisting Mud 4
System Circulating
System
2 Rotary Power 5
System System
Principal Components:
I. Derrick and
substructure
II. Crown block
III. Travelling block
IV. Draw works
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Hoisting 1 Crown Block
2 Deadline
System 3 Wireline
5 Traveling Block
Fast Line 4
6 Pipe
elevators
7 Deadline Anchor
Drawworks 11
9 6
the height of the derrick must be such as to permit the vertical movement of the
travelling block for a distance greater than the equivalent of one stand. For
example, to handle a stand of 3 drill pipes (about 27 m long) the derrick has to be
about 40 m high. The derrick is designed to resist the loads tripped in and out of
the well in the operating phases, which induce both static and dynamic stresses.
Every derrick has a rated load capacity, defined by API (American Petroleum
Institute) standards, which establish the maximum hook load
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1. Hoisting
Derrick System
1 Conventional 2 Mast
derrick
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1. Hoisting
3. Crown block System
An assembly of sheaves mounted on
beams at the top of the derrick/mast
and over which the drilling line is
reeved.
The crown block bears the load applied
at the hook and its function is to
reduce the wire rope tension required
to pull the tubular material used to
drill the well. It at the top of the rig
consists of a set of sheaves (usually
from 3 to 7) supported by a
framework of steel beams.
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1. Hoisting
4. travelling block System
consists of another set of sheaves (one
fewer than for the crown block),
mounted on an axis connected to the
hook.
The number of sheaves in the crown
and travelling block is chosen on the
basis of the rated capacity of the
tower and the rate of pulling, which
is inversely proportional to the
number of lines of wire rope
connecting the travelling block and
the crown block
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1. Hoisting
5. Hook System
The high-capacity J-shaped equipment
used to hang various other
equipment, particularly the swivel and
Kelly, the elevator bails or top drive
units. The hook is attached to the
bottom of the traveling block and
provides a way to pick up heavy loads
with the traveling block. The hook is
either locked (the normal condition)
or free to rotate, so that it may be
mated or decoupled with items
positioned around the rig floor, not
limited to a single direction.
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1. Hoisting
6. Draw works System
The drawworks is the machine that transmits the power to operate the equipment
in the well. The basic components of the drawworks are an engine, one or more
drums containing a steel cable, and the brakes
The main brake is a strongly-built, band brake, used to stop the drill string as
it is being lowered, or to release it slowly during drilling.
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DRAWORKS RATED POWER HOOK LOAD CAPACITY (tons)
HP (kW) CONVENTIONAL RIGS MOBILE RIGS
150 (110) 60
200 (147) 75
250 (184) 80
300 (220) 90-100
500 (368) 125
700 (515) 180 180
1000 (735) 220 220
1500 (1100) 360
2000 (1470) 500
3000 (2200) 750
4000 (2940) 1000
5000 (3728) 1500
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1. Hoisting
7. Drilling Line System
The drilling line contained in the hoist drums consists of helically-wound steel-wire
strands around a plastic, vegetable fiber or steel core.
The first end of the drilling line (fast line) is wound around the hoist drum, after
which it passes alternately over the sheaves of the travelling block and of the
crown block, while the other end (dead line) is anchored to an element of the
substructure.
The tension of the line is measured on this anchorage, and this makes it possible
to calculate the weight of the equipment suspended from the hook (e.g. drill
string, casing, etc.). Through being wound around the drum and over the block
sheaves, the line is subject to wear and tear, to weakening of the wires (due to
local overheating) and to fatigue due to cyclical variations of tension in the
winding over the sheaves and the drum.
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1. Hoisting
7. Drilling Line System
One method of assessing the state of
wear and tear of the drilling line is
visual inspection, but this is uncommon
because of the uncertainty involved,
the practical difficulties and the time
required.
slipping and cutoff, is performed when
a given value of the work
carried out by line has
the reached. been
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1. Hoisting
7. Drilling Line System
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1. Hoisting
7. Drilling Line System
Type of Wire Rope Construction
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6 X 7 with 6 X 19W with 6 X 19S with 6 X 19 with
fiber fiber core fiber core IWR core
core
6 X 21 6 X 25 6 X 25 6 X 25
Filler Wire Filler Wire Filler Wire Seal with
with fiber with fiber with IWR IWR
core core core core
6 X 27 6 X 31
Seal with Seal with
IWR IWR
core core
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1. Hoisting
9. air hoist System
Anair hoist or tugger is a
safer way to lift heavy objects
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1. Hoisting
10. Drill line spool System
The drilling line is stored on a spool
Periodically, some of the drilling
line is cut off at the drawworks
and additional line is pulled off the
spool to replace the cut line
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1. Hoisting
10. Deal line anchor System
The “dead line” is anchored in
the substructure
The anchor is on the spool side
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2. Rotating
System
R ig c o m po ne nt s
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2. Rotary
Function System
The system of rotation is intended to cause the drill string to
rotate.
Principal Components:
3. Kelly Bushing
4. Master Bushing
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Swivel
Kelly
Kelly Bushing
K.B. Elevation
Rotary Table
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
Bit
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2. Rotary
1. Top drive System
The top drive is a relatively recent piece of
equipment, introduced towards the mid-1980s,
grouping together in a single unit the equipment
for connecting the drill pipes, rotation of the drill
string and circulation of the fluid
The top drive unit is suspended from the hook
and is guided by two vertical rails fixed to the
derrick, which provide the reactive torque
necessary to prevent the rotation of the whole
complex and to allow free vertical movement.
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2. Rotary
1. Top drive System
the use of the top drive instead of the rotary table offers numerous advantages, including:
possibility of ‘drilling by stands’ (adding the pipes by stands, and not individually), allowing
1
greater control of drilling.
the reduction of the time required to connect the pipes, with less risk of accidents for drilling
2 operators
the possibility of performing the trip-out operation while circulating mud and rotating the
3 string (back reaming), impossible with the rotary table and useful for preventing the drill
string from becoming stuck
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To
drive
p
‘A’
frame
Guide
rails
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2. Rotary
3. Kelly System
The Kelly is a pipe of square or
hexagonal section that transmits
the motion of the rotary table
to the drill string.
It receives this motion from the
Kelly bushing, which
to joined it is a
through so that it sliding
coupling, can
move vertically.
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2. Rotary
4. Kelly Bushing System
A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the
Kelly
and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to make
hole.
Heavy Duty fits 23” through 49-1/2” Heavy Duty for Square Drive Medium Duty for Square Rotary Table
Rotary Table Rotary Tables
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2. Rotary
5. Master Bushing System
A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly bushing so
that the
rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.
Fits 20-1/2” to 27-1/2” Fits 37-1/2” to 49-1/2” Fits 17-1/2” to 27-1/2” Fits 17-1/2” to 27-1/2”
Rotary Tables Rotary Tables Rotary Tables Rotary Tables
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2. Rotary
6. Rotary table System
The rotary table makes the drill
string and supports its
rotate during or
weight the
during operations
connection of a new
drill pipe, it cannot
when by the
borne be
hook
TENSILE
REQUIREMENTS
RANGE
LENGHTS
TOLERANCE
S
Drillpipe
Drill collar
An 8” OD drill collar
weighs
150 lbs/ft or 4500 lbs each
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Dril
string
C) Drill Collar
The drill collars have a thick wall, are made out of solid steel bars, rounded
externally, bored on the inside and with threaded ends directly on the body,
with threading analogous to that used for ordinary pipes.
The drill collars are 9 to 13 m in length and their outside diameter is between
3.125'' and 14''.
They are also standardized (API), with the most common diameters being
9.50'', 8'' and 6.50''.
Drill collars made of nonmagnetic steel also exist, and are used in directional
drilling so as not to influence the sensors that measure
the earth’s magnetic field.
They are manufactured with stainless steels (alloys of K-Monel type) or with
chrome-manganese steel alloys.
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Dril
string
D) Sub
1. Bit Sub
2. Crossover Sub
4. Lifting Sub
5. Bent Sub
2. Elevator 8. Tongs
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Elsaye
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2.
Elevator
Casing slips
The are used on tubular above the slips to prevent dropping the string
should the slips fail to hold.
The are used on tubular above the slips to prevent dropping the string
should
the slips fail to hold.
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4. Rig
tong
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5. Drillpipe
Spinner
A pneumatically operated device usually suspended
on the rig floor used to make fast connections and
spin off of drill pipes.
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5. Drillpipe
Spinner
A pneumatically operated device usually suspended
on the rig floor used to make fast connections and
spin off of drill pipes.
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6. Bit
breaker
A device that is placed on top of the rotary table
to enable the bit to be made up to drill string.
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4. Mud
Circulation
System
R i gc o m p o n e n t s
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3. Mud Circulation
Function System
A major function of the fluid circulating system is to remove the rock cuttings from
the hole as the drilling progresses
Principal Components:
3. Standpipe 9. Desander
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4. Mud Circulation
1. Mud pumps System
A large, high-pressure reciprocating
pump used to circulated the mud on
a drilling rig.
with 2 or 3 pistons (duplex or triplex
pumps), may be single – or dual
acting, and receive their power from
an electric motor independent from
other uses.
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4. Mud Circulation
1. Mud pumps System
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4. Mud Circulation
1. Mud pumps System
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4. Mud Circulation
2. Stand pipe manifold System
Divert Mud flow to kill
lines in case of kill or
lost circulation
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4. Mud Circulation
3. Stand Pipe System
The vertical pipe rising along the side of the
Derrick or Mast, which joins mud pump
manifold to the rotary hose.
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4. Mud Circulation
6. Rotary hose System
A large-diameter to 5-
inside
(3- diameter), high-pressure
in.
flexible line used to connect the
standpipe to the swivel. This
flexible piping arrangement
permits the kelly (and, in turn,
the drillstring and bit) to be
raised or lowered while drilling
fluid is pumped through the
drillstring. The simultaneous
lowering of the drillstring while
pumping fluid is critical to the
drilling operation.
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4. Mud Circulation
7. Mud return System
The passageway of the drilling
fluid as it comes out of the
well.
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4. Mud Circulation
8. Shale Shaker System
From mud
An equipment the uses a return line
vibrating screen
remove cuttings from the
to
circulating fluid in rotary POSSUM
BELLY
drilling operations.
Screens
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4. Mud Circulation
9. Desander System
A device
centrifugalsandfor
removing from the
drilling fluid to prevent
abrasion of the pumps.
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4. Mud Circulation
10. Desilter System
Also a centrifugal device for
removing free particles of silt
from the drilling fluid to
keep the amount of solids in
the fluid at the lowest
possible point.
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4. Mud Circulation
10. Degasser System
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4. Mud Circulation
System
11. Mud Gas Separator
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4. Mud Circulation
12.Reserve Pit System
A waste pit, usually an
excavated earthen-walled pit.
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Mud Circulating System:
Hose
15
17 16
Kell
y
Stand 1
pipe BOP 14
Annulus 2 13
3
Drillpipes 12
Drill collars 4
11
Drill bit
Return line
Shale
shaker 5
Seprator 6
Desilter
Mud mixer 7
Mud tanks 8 9 10
Mud-mixing
Shake Eng. Elsayed
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Mud pumps
Circulatio
n System Standpipe Swivel
Annulus
Shale
shaker
Drill Collar
Mud pit
Borehole
Shaleslide
Reserve
pit Bit
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5. Power
R i g c om pon
system
e nt s
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5. Power
system
In a drilling site power is needed to run the Rig component
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5. Power
SCR system
Rig component
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5. Power
Diesel Tank system
Rig component
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6.Blowout
Prevention System
R i g c o m po ne nt s
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6. 6.Blowout Prevention
Function System
The function of the well control system is to prevent the uncontrolled flow of
formation fluids from the wellbore .
Principal Components:
3. Diverter
4. Drilling Spools
6. Accumulator
7. Inside BOP
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BOP
Bell nipple
Flow line
Fill line
Annular
preventer
Pipe ram
Shear/blind ram
Kill line Choke
BOP riser
Emergency kill line Emergency choke
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6. BOP
Rig component
BOP
BOP
Double
e
Terribl
Single
Blind
Pipe
Shearing
e
Variabl
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6. BOP
Rig component
2- Choke manifold
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6. BOP
Rig component
3- accumulator
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6. BOP
Rig component
4. Diverter System
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BOP
As per ram numbers As per ram shape
Double
Terrible
Single
Blind
Pipe
Shearing
e
Variabl
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Sino Tharwa Drilling Company
ST 4 Rated Drilling Depth Mud Tanks
2000 hp drilling rig
20,000 ft. with 5” drill Total number 6 tanks
pipe. Total capacity 2250 bbl