Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Dr. S. Elangovan

EE8691
MICROPROCESSORS AND
MICROCONTROLLERS
Dr. S. ELANGOVAN
INTRODUCTION AND COURSE
OUTLINE
• Historical Background
• Moore’s Law
• Evolution of IC Technology
• Evolution tree of Microprocessors
• Key features of MPMC
• Typical applications
• Educational need
• Course Outline
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• 1947 - Invention of Transistor
• 1949 - Invention of Integrated Circuits
• 1965 - Birth of Moore’s Law
• 1971 - Development of first Microprocessor
• 1976 - Introduction of first Microcontroller
MOORE’S LAW
Moore’s law isn’t really a
law in the legal sense or
even a proven theory in the
scientific sense (such as E
= mc2). Rather, it was an
observation by Gordon
Moore in 1965 while he Moore went on to
was working at Fairchild co-found
Intel Corporation
Semiconductor: the and his observation
number of transistors on a became the driving
microchip (as they were force behind the
semiconductor
called in 1965) doubled technology
about every year. revolution at Intel
and elsewhere
Evolution of IC Technology
Year Technology # of Devices Typical Products

1947 Invention of Transistor 1 -
1950-1960 Discrete components 1 Junction diodes and transistors
1961-1965 SSI 10-100 Planner devices – logic gates, Flip-flops

1966-1970 MSI 100-1000 Counters, MUXs, Decoders, adders
1971-1979 LSI 1000-20,000 8 bit Microprocessor, RAM, ROM
1980-1984 VLSI 20,000-50,000 DSPs, RISC, 16 bit µP, 32 bit µP
1985- ULSI >50,000 64 bit µP
KEY FEATURES
• Smaller Size
• Lower cost
• Higher Reliability
• Lower power consumption
• Higher Versatility
• More powerful
Moore’s Law
Processor Year of Introduction # of transistors
4004 1971 2250
8008 1972 2500
8080 1974 5000
8086 1978 29000
i286 1982 1,20,000
i386 1985 2,75,000
i486 1989 11,80,000
Pentium 1993 31,00,000
Pentium II 1997 75,00,000
Pentium III 1999 2,40,00,000
Pentium IV 2000 4,20,00,000
APPLICATIONS
General Purpose µPs: 32 bit and 64 bit
Desktop, Personal computers, laptops, workstations, servers and
Supercomputers
Microcontrollers: Embedded systems
Consumer Electronics: Toys, camera, camcorders, Robots
Consumer products: Washing machines, Microwave ovens
Instrumentation: Oscilloscopes, medical equipment
APPLICATIONS
Process Control: Data Acquisition and control
Communication: Telephone sets, answering machines, cordless phones
Office: FAX machines, printers, EPABX
Emerging multimedia applications: PBAs, cell phones, Teleconferencing
Special purpose µPs: DSP processors, switches, routers, Intrusion
detection etc
EDUCATIONAL NEED
• Hardware Designer
• Software Designer
• System Integration
COURSE OUTLINE – 8086
Unit I: The 8086 Microprocessor
Microprocessor
Introduction to 8086 – Microprocessor Architecture – Addressing modes – Instruction set and
assembler directives – assembly language programming – modular programming – linking and
relocation – stacks – procedures – Macros – interrupts and interrupt service routines – Byte and string
manipulation.
Unit II: 8086 system bus architecture
8086 signals – basic configurations – system bus timing – system design using 8086 – I/O programming
– introduction to multiprogramming – system bus structure – Multiprocessor configurations –
Coprocessor, closely coupled and loosely coupled configurations – introduction to advanced processors
Unit III: I/O interfacing
Memory interfacing and I/O interfacing – Parallel communication interface – serial communication
interface – D/A and A/D interface – Timer – Keyboard/display controller – Interrupt controller – DMA
controller – Programming and applications case studies: Traffic light control, LED display, LCD display,
keyboard display interface and Alarm controller.
COURSE OUTLINE – 8051
Microcontroller
Unit IV: Microcontroller
Architecture of 8051 – Special Function Registers(SFRs) – I/O pins ports and
circuits – Instruction set – Addressing modes – Assembly language
programming.
Unit V: Interfacing Microcontroller
Programming 8051 Timers – serial port programming – interrupts
programming – LCD & Keyboard interfacing – ADC, DAC & Sensor interfacing
– External memory interface – stepper motor and waveform generation –
Comparison of Microprocessor, Microcontroller, PIC and ARM processors.
Course Outcomes
After the completion of the course, the students would have
• Understood the Architecture of 8086 Microprocessors and its assembly
language programming
• Learnt the system bus structure of 8086 for multiprocessor configuration
• Acquired knowledge to interface 8086 processor with memory, I/O,
parallel and serial communication, A/D & D/A, Timers etc.
• Understood the Architecture of 8051 microcontroller and its assembly
language programming
• Acquired knowledge to interface 8051 microcontroller with memory, I/O,
parallel and serial communication, A/D & D/A, Timers etc.
THANK
YOU

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EE8691

Year Technology # of Devices Typical Products

1961-1965 SSI 10-100 Planner devices – logic gates, Flip-flops

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