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Lecture 4

1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

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Fong Wei Jun
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28 views16 pages

Lecture 4

1) The document discusses damping in single degree of freedom (SDOF) free vibration systems. Damping forces are proportional to velocity and can be modeled using a viscous damping element. 2) Equations of motion are derived for an SDOF system with proportional damping. Solutions depend on whether the system is overdamped, critically damped, or underdamped. 3) For underdamped systems, the solution is a damped sinusoid where amplitude decays exponentially over time. For critically damped systems, the solution does not oscillate but decays exponentially to zero.

Uploaded by

Fong Wei Jun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

BMM3553

LECTURE 4
SDOF Damped Free Vibration

Given an initial condition, Determine the


resulting motion.
c - damping coefficient (Ns/m)
Damping force is proportional to velocity

dx
Fc  c (1.11)
dt
Viscous Damping Element (Dashpot)
• Damping force is linear and proportional to velocity

F F F Linear

Non-linear

F  cx

c is the viscous damping coefficient


Units: N-sec/m
• Equilibrium equation

d 2x dx
m 2 c  kx  P (1.12)
dt dt
x = output or response
P= input or excitation

m x  cx  kx  P ( 1.13 )


• Assume x=Aet then for
mx  cx  kx  0 (1.14)

(m 2  c  k ) x  0 (1.15)

 c  c 2  4km
1 
2m

c c 2  4km
2    (1.16)
2m 2m

1t  2t Where a1 and a2 are the roots of


x  A1e  A2 e
equation (1.15).
• Here, we wish to introduce some of the terms in
vibration by replacing the material properties with
the dynamic characteristics of a vibrating system.
k
Undamped natural frequency n  sec/ rad
m

Critical Damping ccr when c 2  4km  0

hence ccr  2 km
c
Damping Ratio  
ccr

Note when c  ccr ,   1

Damped natural frequency d  n 1   2  n2   2 (1.17)

 k  c  c
where Decay rate   n    
 2m (1.18)
 m  2 km 
• Overdamped system c2> 4km (ζ > 1)
1 and 2 are negative. The solution decays
exponentially towards zero. The system is said to
be overdamped and is not suitable in practice.

    2 1  t     2 1  t
 n  n
x(t )  A1e 
 A2 e 

A1 
 
x0n    2  1  x 0
For the initial 2n  2  1
conditions at t =
A2 
 
 x0n    2  1  x 0
0, 2n  2  1
• Underdamped System c2 < 4km (ζ < 1)
• 1 and 2 are complex i.e.
c 4km  c 2
  i
2m 2m

4km  c 2
    i
4m 2

    i n2   2

1    id (1.19a )

 2    i d (1.19b)
a1 and a2 are complex conjugates pair.
 
x  A1e id t  A2 e  id t e t
A1 and A2 are complex conjugate pair
a  ib
A1 
2
a  ib
A2 
2
In trigonomet ric form
 x  Ae t cos(d t   ) or
x  e t (a cos d t  b sin d t ) (1.20)
whereA and β are constants
• Eqn (1.20) shows that the complimentary
solution is damped sinusoidal wave and the
amplitude decays to zero exponentially
• Free Damped Vibration with initial
conditions
• Using equation (1.20), for the initial conditions:

displaceme nt x  x0 and velocity x  x 0 when t  0

t x 0  x0
x  e [ x0 cos d t  sin d t ] (1.21)
d
• Critically Damped c2 = 4km (ζ = 1)
• 1 and 2 are the same  
• The solution for equal roots is
•  
• x   A1  A2 t  e 0 t
( 1.22 )
The equation does not oscillate but decay to
zero.
xt   A1  A2t e  n t
• Comparison of motions with different types of damping

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