Level 2 Award in

Emergency First Aid at Work

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 Internal Arrangement

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 Ground Rules (Information)

As a courtesy to
others please
TURN OFF
your mobile phone.

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 Module
1
Introduction – The First Aider

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 The Emergency First Aider

● Must attend the 1-day Emergency First Aid at Work (EFAW) course
which is approved by DCAS and accredited through an Awarding
Body

● Valid for a 3-years period.

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 Module
2
What is First Aid?

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CQ What is First Aid?

● First Aid is the initial or

immediate assistance given
to someone who has been
injured or taken ill before
the arrival of qualified
medical assistance.

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CQ What are the aims of First Aid?

P preserve life
P prevent the condition from worsening
P promote recovery.
Clue:
The 3 P’ s

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 Module
3
Emergency First Aid
in the Workplace

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 First Aid at Work Provision

Risk assessments should cover the following

Workplace hazards and risks
● The size of the organisation
● The organisation’s history of accidents
● The nature and distribution of the workforce
● The remoteness of the site from emergency services
● Remote and lone workers
● Employees working on shared or multi-occupied sites
● Annual leave and other absences of First Aiders.

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 First Aid Kits
Minimum suggested contents:
● A guidance leaflet
● 20 adhesive dressings
● Individually wrapped and assorted sizes
● 2 sterile eye pads
● 6 triangular bandages
● Individually wrapped and sterile
● 6 medium sterile wound dressings
● Individually wrapped and unmedicated
● 2 large sterile wound dressings
● Individually wrapped and unmedicated
● 6 safety pins
● Disposable gloves.

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 Accident and Incident Reporting

● Person affected/injured
● Location
● Person reporting the
incident
● About the
accident/incident
● Description of the
accident/incident

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 Module
4
Responsibilities of the
Emergency First Aider

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 Responsibilities of the First Aider

● Arrival at the scene

● Dealing with casualties
● Contacting the emergency
services (ambulance)
● Priorities of the First Aid
management
● Clearing-up process.

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 Casualty Communication

● Make and keep eye contact

● Tell the truth
● Use understandable language
● Be careful of what you say
● Be aware of body language
● Speak slowly, clearly and
distinctly
● Allow time for casualty to answer.

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 Remember LIONEL
Remember ‘LIONEL’ when calling the emergency services

999
L Location
I Incident
O Other services
N Number of casualties
E Extent of injuries
L Repeat Location.

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 Action in an Emergency

Module
5
Primary Survey

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 Primary Survey
Remember DRABC for a Primary Survey

Danger Make sure the area is safe before you approach

Response Check to see if the casualty responds to verbal
command or a pain stimulus
Shout for help and phone 999
Airway Open the airway by tilting the head back
and lifting the chin with two fingers
Breathing Look, listen and feel for normal
breathing for up to ten seconds
Circulation Check for major bleeding and
manage accordingly.

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 Remember AVPU
Remember the ‘AVPU’ scale when assessing a casualty

A Alert
V Responds to Voice
P Responds to Pain
U Unresponsive.

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 Module
6
Secondary Assessment

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 Casualty Assessment

History Signs Symptoms

Diagnosis.

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 Top-to-Toe Survey

● Head and Face

● Neck
● Shoulders and Chest
● Arms
● Spine
● Pelvis
● Abdomen
● Extremities.

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 Casualty in the Recovery Position

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 Module
7
Resuscitation

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 The Chain of Survival

Early recognition Early CPR Early defibrillation Post-resuscitation

and call for help care
Defibrillators give an
Dial 999 when the Start CPR to buy electric shock to Provide professional
casualty is not time until medical reorganise the assistance in order
breathing normally help arrives rhythm of the heart to restore the quality
of life.

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 CPR

30 chest compressions

2 effective rescue breaths

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 Module
8
Breathing and Circulation

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 The Respiratory System

Air route
Epiglottis
Larynx
Esophagus
(taking food/drink
to the stomach)
Trachea

Bronchus
Alveoli
Diaphragm.

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 The Respiratory System

Air route

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 The Respiratory System

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 Dealing with a Conscious Choking Adult
Is the casualty If there is a partial blockage
CHOKING? NO encourage the casualty to
COUGH UP the obstruction

YES
Give up to 5
BACK BLOWS

Is this REASSURE the casualty.

SUCCESSFUL ? YES Seek medical help if it is
necessary
NO
Give up to 5
ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS

Is this REASSURE the casualty

NO SUCCESSFUL ? YES Seek medical HELP

If after 3 cycles there is no improvement, call 999.

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 Module
9
Disorders of the Circulation

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 Heart Attack – Recognition

● Central chest pain

● Pain down left arm possibly
● Breathlessness
● A rapid or irregular pulse
● Rapid breathing and a shortness
of breath
● Pale blue/grey, cold and clammy
skin
● Nausea and vomiting.

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CQ What is the management for a Heart Attack?

● Make the casualty comfortable

and warm
● Position the casualty in the
half-sitting position
● Monitor the casualty’s breathing
● Call 999
● Calm and reassure
● If casualty becomes
unconscious dial 999 and carry
out procedure for BLS.

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 Shock

Is a condition where major organs

of the body do not receive enough
blood, allowing a rapid build-up of
waste and deterioration of organ
function

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 Causes of Shock
Reduced Blood Supply
Reduced blood Injury to the brain Loss of blood or Severe allergy
flow to the heart and spinal cord body fluids reaction

Heavy,
Heart Attack Head injuries prolonged Anaphylaxis
bleeding

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 Shock - Recognition

● A rapid weak pulse

● Pale, blue/grey, cold, clammy skin
● Nausea and thirst
● Rapid shallow breathing
● May become unconscious.

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CQ What is the management for Shock?

● Manage the cause

● Lay the casualty down
● Raise and support the legs
● Loosen tight clothing
● Keep the casualty warm
● Dial 999
● No food or drink.

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 Anaphylactic Shock - Recognition

● Anxiety
● Red, blotchy skin
● Swelling of the face and
neck
● A rapid pulse
● Swelling of the mouth and
● tongue.
● Coughing (later stages)
● Difficulty in breathing
(later stages)

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CQ What is the management for an Anaphylactic Shock?

● Call 999
● Sit the casualty up if conscious
● Encourage the casualty to use medication if
available
● Be prepared to open the airway and
resuscitate
● Monitor the casualty’s airway and breathing.

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 Module
10
Wounds & Bleeding

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 Types of Wound
● Incised
● Clean cut

● Laceration
● Rough tear

● Abrasion
● Top layers of skin scraped.

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 Types of Wound
● Contusion
● Blunt blow

● Puncture
● Small entry

● Velocity/ Penetration
● Puncture wound
at velocity into
or through body.

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CQ How should you manage Bleeding?

● Wear gloves
● Check wound for embedded objects
● Use sterile dressing
● Elevate and support injured limbs
● If further bleeding occurs, apply a
second dressing on top of the first
● If blood seeps through, remove both
dressings, and apply a new dressing,
making sure that pressure is applied
accurately at the point of bleeding.

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 Wounds with Embedded Foreign Object

Wound with embedded foreign object

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 Wounds with Embedded Foreign Object

Apply dressings and pressure to either side of the object

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 Wounds with Embedded Foreign Object

Apply a larger dressing

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 Wounds with Embedded Foreign Object

Ask the casualty to assist if able

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 Wounds with Embedded Foreign Object

manage for shock

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 Module
Other Conditions 11
Disorders of Consciousness

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 Concussion - Recognition

● Brief loss of consciousness

● Dizziness & mild headache
● Disturbed vision
● Loss of memory
● Pale, cold and clammy skin
● Nausea.

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 Concussion - Management

● Sit the conscious casualty down or place in recovery position if

they are unsteady
● If unconscious and breathing, contact the emergency services
(999) and place in the recovery position
● Monitor airway, breathing & response levels

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 Head Injuries

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 Cerebral Compression - Recognition
● History or evidence of a head injury
● Intense headache
● Slow and noisy breathing
● Slow and strong pulse
● Unequal pupils
● High temperature
● Flushed appearance
● Drowsiness
● Change in personality
● Paralysis and weakness
of the limbs
● Skull fracture could lead
to fluid escaping from the
ears and nose.

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 Cerebral Compression - Management

● Lay casualty down, head and shoulders raised

● If unconscious and breathing normally, leave the
casualty in position found and maintain their airways
as there may be damage to the neck
● Monitor airway, breathing and response levels
● Do not give the casualty anything to eat, drink or
smoke.

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 Skull Fracture - Management
● If you suspect spinal injury, Depressed fracture
do not move the casualty
● Lay casualty down, head and
shoulders raised if you are
able to move them
● Dial 999 for an ambulance
● Monitor airway, breathing and
response levels
● Cover the ear with a sterile
dressing
● Control bleeding and fluid loss
● All head injuries must be advised
to go to hospital.
Base of skull fracture

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 Stroke - Recognition
Remember ‘FAST’
Remember, if you suspect a Stroke, act FAST. Call 999

F Facial weakness
Can the person smile?
Has their mouth or eye drooped?
A Arm weakness
Can the person raise both arms?

S Speech problems
Can the person speak clearly
Stroke is a medical emergency.
and understand what you say?
By calling 999 early, management
T Time to call 999 can be given which can prevent
further brain damage.

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 Stroke - Management

● If conscious, lay the casualty down and raise head

and shoulders
● Turn head to one side
● If unconscious, contact the emergency services
and place the casualty in the recovery position
injured side down
● Loosen tight clothing
● Reassure and call 999
● Monitor airway, breathing and response levels.

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 Major Epilepsy - Management
● Support or ease the casualty’s fall
● Make space around the casualty
● Ask bystanders to move away
● Protect the casualty’s head
● Record the duration of the seizure

Dial 999
If Unconscious
or Seizure lasts for longer than five minutes
or Repeated seizures
or First seizure

DO NOT RESTRAIN THE CASUALTY OR PUT ANYTHING IN THEIR

MOUTH.

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 Module
Other Conditions 12
Burns and Scalds

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 Burns
Depth of burns
● Superficial burn
● Only the outermost layer of skin is affected
● Redness, swelling and tenderness
● 5% or more must be sent to hospital

● Partial-thickness burn
● Rawness and blisters
● 1% or more must be sent to hospital
● 9% will cause shock

● Full-thickness burn
● The two layers of the skin, the epidermis
and dermis are burnt
● Requires hospital management.

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 Burns - Management

● Flood the injured part

with cold water 10
(minimum of 10 minutes) MINUTES
● Gently remove any
jewellery or wristwatches
● Cover the area with a
sterile dressing

DO NOT break blisters

DO NOT apply adhesive dressings
DO NOT apply lotions, ointments or fats
DO NOT attempt to remove anything sticking to the burn.

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 Module
Other Conditions 14
Bones, Joints and Muscle Injuries

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 Closed Fracture

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 Open Fracture - Recognition

● Pain
● Deformity
● Internal and external bleeding
● Shock
● High risk of infection.

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 Closed Fracture - Management

● Immobilise the injured part to stop any movement

● Support the injured part
● Leave the casualty in the position found unless they can move the
injured part to a more comfortable position
● Manage for shock
● Call 999.

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 Open Fracture - Management

● Manage as for a closed fracture

● Control any bleeding and make sure you wear gloves
● Apply sterile dressing around the wound
● Do not apply any direct pressure on the wound.

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 When managing a Spinal Injury, what must you
CQ remember?

Never move the casualty

(unless you have to)

Spinal Injury - management

● Prevent any movement
● Maintain an open airway
● Call 999.

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 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

End of presentation

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