Lec (3) Part 2 Combined Footing
Lec (3) Part 2 Combined Footing
Lec (3) Part 2 Combined Footing
Lecture 3 part 2
Design of shallow foundation
Combined footing
1
Design of combined footing
2
Geotechnical and structural Design of combined footing
Critical shear2d
at 2.0d from face of column: 2d
2dthe average for d;
Take 2d
𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑦 2d
540 +5 20 2d B
𝑑= 2d
= =530 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2d
L
Example Geotechnical and structural Design of combined footing
Two 300 300 mm square columns spaced at a distance of 2.45m c/c are
loaded as shown in the figure below. The foundation is to be founded on
a soil of bearing capacity 125kpa. It is desired to design the footing to
satisfy all requirements using fyk = 500MPa and fck = 30MPa and the
concrete cover is 50mm .
Column 1 Column 2
2.45m
L
Geotechnical combined footing
A. Geotechnical design
Step 1 Determine the base area A of the footing
Step 2 Determine the Projection lengths of the footing
A. Geotechnical Design of Combined footing
Step 1 Determine the base area of the footing
• The footing is proportioned using prescriptive method.
• The required area is found from the service loads (characteristic loads)
including the weight of the footing.
Design Action
The service axial load of the footing,
i.e 1.0DL +1.0 LL
The total service load on column 1
The weight of the footing is assumed to be 10% of the service axial load
B=2.5m
L=6.5m
A. Geotechnical Design of combined footing
Step 2. Determine the Projection lengths of the footing (Locate the centroid of
the footing )
𝑃 1=787 𝑘𝑁 𝑃 2=970 𝑘𝑁
Column 1 Column 2
2.45m
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
L=6.5m
To locate the centroid of the footing take moment about column 1
A. Geotechnical Design of combined footing
Step 2 Determine the Projection lengths of the footing (Locate the centroid of the footing )
𝑃 1=787 𝑘𝑁 R 𝑃 2=970 𝑘𝑁
Column 2
Column 1 1.352m
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
L=6.5m
Therefore, solving for
Hence,
A. Geotechnical Design of combined footing
The final disposition of the footing is given below Assuming a trial depth of
footing 600mm
Column 1 Column 2
h=0.6m
Steel
B. Structural Design of combined footing
𝑥
For
For
For
B. Structural Design of combined footing
x
For
For
For
B. Structural Design of combined footing
solving for x
B. Structural Design of combined footing
Step 3 Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams
2.45m
𝑘𝑁
𝜎 =371
𝑚
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 4. Design for bending
Step 4-3 Determine the effective depths
C=50mm
C=50mm
∅ 𝑏𝑎𝑟 20
𝑑 𝑥 =D −c − =600 −50 − =540𝑚𝑚
2 2
3 3
𝑑 𝑦 = D− c − ∅𝑏𝑎𝑟 =650 −50 − × 20=520 𝑚𝑚
2 2
B. Structural Design of combined footing
Step 4. Design for bending
Step 4-1 Design for longitudinal reinforcement
Bottom reinforcement
We are supposed to take maximum moment from the column face
which can be easily determined from the bending moment diagram as
shown below
Effective depth
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 4. Design for bending
Step 4-3 Determine longitudinal reinforcement area
Determine K
If the concrete class is K can be determined from the following
equation
Take
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 4. Design for bending
Step 4-3 Determine longitudinal reinforcement area
Determine
If the concrete class is K can be determined from the following equation
Take,
Number of bar =
Provide 13 ϕ20 (As = 4082 mm2)
Spacing =
Top reinforcement
There is no hogging moment on the footing as shown in the BMD.
However we can provide minimum reinforcement at the top.
B=2.5m
𝑑𝑦
𝑧= [ 1+ √ 1 −3.53 𝑘] ≤ 0.95 𝑑 𝑦
2
Take
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 4. Design for bending
Step 4-4 Determine transverse reinforcement area
Determine
If the concrete class is K can be determined from the following
equation
/m
Take,
Number of bar =
Provide 45 (As provided = 45113.1= 5089.5
Spacing of bars =
16H12-150mm
45H12-150mm
13H20-200mm 45H12-150mm
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 5. Design for punching shear
a. Check for punching at the column perimeter
Step 5-1a Determine punching shear force
Critical section for punching at column perimeter
= 1200mm
The applied punching shear stress at the column perimeter is determined
by considering column 2 bearing the maximum axial load
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 5. Design for punching
shear
a. Check for punching at the column perimeter
Step 5-2a Determine maximum shear resistance
Step 5-3 compare the punching shear resistance and the applied
punching shear
…….. The depth of the footing is adequate
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 5. Design for punching shear
b. Check for punching at 2d from the face of column
Step 5-1b Determine punching shear force
Critical section for punching
𝑑𝑥+ 𝑑 𝑦 540 +5 20
𝑑= = =530
2 2
2 𝑑= 2 𝑥 530 =1 060 𝑚𝑚
= 7860.18mm = 7.86m
Area with in Critical perimeter
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 5. Design for punching shear
Check for punching at 2d from the face of column
Step 5-1b Determine punching shear force…cont.
The check for punching shear is done considering the maximum axial
column load. i.e column 2. The punching shear stress at 2d is Determined
as follows. The load is concentric column load.
𝑉 𝐸𝑑
𝑣 𝐸𝑑 =
𝑢𝑑
The punching shear force at 2d is determined as follows
The value of
The value of
𝜌 1= √ 𝜌 1 𝑥 𝜌 1 𝑦 ≤ 0.02
take =0.0021
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 5. Design for punching shear
b. Check for punching at 2d from the face of column
take
Step 5-3b Compare the punching shear stress and the punching shear
resistance
………it is ok!
B. Structural Design of combined footing
Step 6. Design for wide beam shear
2.15
Step 6-1. Determine the wide beam shear
B=2.5m
2.45m 𝟏.𝟒𝟔𝒎
B. Structural Design of combined footing - Step 6. Design for wide beam
shear
Step 6-1. Determine the wide beam shear force
Developed (designed) shear force
( 13 ) ≥ 𝑣
𝑣 𝑅𝑑 , 𝑐 =𝐶 𝑅𝑑 , 𝑐 𝑘 ( 100 𝜌 1 𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ) , 𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =0.035 𝑘 1.5 𝑓 𝑐𝑘0.5
𝑚𝑖𝑛
3
B. Structural Design of combined footing Step 6. Design for wide beam
shear
take
Step 6-3. compare applied wide beam shear force with the wide beam shear
resistance
44