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    Carbohydrates

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    Shane Patrick Panilag
    This document discusses carbohydrates, which are the most abundant organic compounds found in living things. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates serve several functions including energy storage, structure, and transport. There are four main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Examples of disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and glycogen are used for energy storage. Carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients to living organisms.

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    Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Shane Patrick Panilag
    53 views17 pages
    This document discusses carbohydrates, which are the most abundant organic compounds found in living things. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates serve several functions including energy storage, structure, and transport. There are four main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Examples of disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and glycogen are used for energy storage. Carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients to living organisms.

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    This document discusses carbohydrates, which are the most abundant organic compounds found in living things. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates serve several functions including energy storage, structure, and transport. There are four main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Examples of disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and glycogen are used for energy storage. Carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients to living organisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views17 pages

    Carbohydrates

    Uploaded by

    Shane Patrick Panilag
    This document discusses carbohydrates, which are the most abundant organic compounds found in living things. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates serve several functions including energy storage, structure, and transport. There are four main types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose and fructose. Examples of disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and glycogen are used for energy storage. Carbohydrates provide energy and nutrients to living organisms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    CARBOHYDRATES

    COR JESU COLLEGE


    General Biology 1
    Grade 12 - STEM Track
    Mr. John Paul A. Reponte
    Which do you think is a good source of
    carbohydrates?
    Which do you think is a good source of
    carbohydrates?
    Which do you think is a good source of
    carbohydrates?
    Carbohydrates
    • Carbohydrates are the most abundant
    class of organic compound found in
    living things.
    • They contain the elements Carbon (C),
    Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) which
    have the ratio of 1:2:1
    • “hydrated carbons”
    • Main source of energy
    (Glucose)
    The Primary Functions of Carbohydrates in
    Living Organisms
    1. Substrate for respiration or source of energy.
    2. Intermediate substances in respiration (e.g. glyceraldehyde)
    3. Energy storage (e.g. starch and glycogen)
    4. Structure (e.g. chitin in arthropods exoskeleton and fungal
    walls)
    5. Transport (e.g. sucrose transported into the phloem of a
    plant)
    6. Recognition of molecules that pass through the cell
    membrane.
    4 Types of Carbohydrates
    1. Monosaccharide
    2. Disaccharide
    3. Polysaccharide
    4. Oligosaccharide
    Monosaccharide
    • Simplest type of sugar
    • Monomers – single structural unit of complex
    sugars
    Classification of Carbohydrates
    • Aldose – characterized by the presence of an
    aldehyde (-CHO) at the terminal or first carbon
    atom
    • Ketose – characterized by the presence of
    carbonyl group (C=O) or a ketone, which is
    usually located at the 2nd carbon atom of the
    molecule
    Monosaccharide can be classified according to
    the number of carbon atoms
    1 Mannose
    2 Diose
    3 Triose
    4
    5 Pentose
    6 Hexose
    7 Heptose

    • Provides immediate energy to organisms

    Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose


    Disaccharide
    • Composed of two monosaccharides that are joined
    together through condensation reaction

    Condensation Dehydration
    Glycosidic bond
    Reaction Synthesis

    • Dehydration synthesis – the removal of water


    during the combination of two monomers
    • Glycosidic bond – a type of covalent bond that links
    carbohydrate molecule to another molecule
    • Sweets and soluble to water
    Examples of Disaccharide

    SUGAR USES FORMATION

    Sucrose Used as sweeteners in cakes, Glucose + Fructose


    (Table sugar) candies, ice cream, breads and
    etc.

    Lactose Great source of nutrients for Glucose + Galactose


    (Milk sugar) infants;
    Used to process dairy
    products (whey)

    Maltose The least sweet type of sugar; Glucose + Glucose


    (Malt/ Beer sugar) Not a common sweetener;
    Used in making beer
    Polysaccharide
    • Composed of least three monosaccharides
    (10 and above)
    • Not sweet
    • Do not form crystals when water molecules are
    removed
    • Used as energy storage
    2 Types of Polysaccharide
    • Linear Polysaccharide – forms a rigid structure
    and is insoluble in water
    • Branched Polysaccharide – soluble in water
    1.
    2 Important
    Cellulose
    forms of Complex Glucose
     It is form of complex sugar
    that is present in plants and
    gives extra protection and
    structural framework
    among plants.
    2. Glycogen
     Type of complex sugar that
    is present in animals and
    humans obtain from the
    food that they ate.
     The sugar from food is
    brokendown into simpler
    to be used by the body and
    the excess will be delivered
    by the blood to the liver.
    Benefits of Polysaccharide
    • Serves as immediate energy reserves in the body
    • Stabilize blood sugar and provide vitamins and minerals
    (berries, mushroom, grains and cereals)

    • Pectin – a polysaccharide that functions as fiber


    (apple, orange, grapes, bananas, cabbages and carrots)

    • Cellulose – structural polysaccharide found in cell walls


    in plants
    • Chitin – structural polysaccharide found in cell walls in
    fungi and exoskeletons of some animals (shrimp, crab,
    scorpion)

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