Lectures 1: Review of Technology Trends and Cost/Performance
Lectures 1: Review of Technology Trends and Cost/Performance
Lectures 1: Review of Technology Trends and Cost/Performance
S00 1
Lectures 1: Review of
Technology Trends and
Cost/Performance
Prof. Jan M. Rabaey
Computer Science 252
Spring 2000
Computer Architecture in Cory Hall
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CS 252 Course Focus
Understanding the design techniques, machine structures, technology factors,
evaluation methods that will determine the form of programmable processors
in 21st Century
Technology
Programming
Languages
Operating
Systems
History
Applications
Interface Design
(ISA)
Measurement &
Evaluation
Computer Architecture:
Instruction Set Design
Organization
Hardware
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Related Courses
CS 152
CS 152
CS 252
CS 252
CS 258
CS 258
CS 250
CS 250
How to build it
Implementation details
Why, Analysis,
Evaluation
Parallel Architectures,
Languages, Systems
Integrated Circuit
Design
Strong
Prerequisite
Basic knowledge of the
organization of a computer
is assumed!
EE 141
EE 141
Digital Integrated
Circuits
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Topic Coverage
Textbook: Hennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A
Quantitative Approach, 2nd Ed., 1996.
1.5 weeks Review: Fundamentals of Computer Architecture (Ch. 1), Instruction Set
Architecture (Ch. 2), Pipelining (Ch. 3)
Notes:
Lecture notes will be available on the web-page at the latest at noon of
the lecture day
Midterms and pointers to old exams can be found on the web-pages of
previous offerings (pointers on web-site).
Schedule:
2 Graded Quizes: Thursday Mar. 3 and Thursday Apr. 13
Project Reviews/Checkpoints: Tu. Feb 15, Tu March 14, Tu Apr 11
Oral Presentations: Tu Th April 25/27
252 Poster Session: Tu May 2
252 Last lecture: Th May 4
Project Papers/URLs due: Tu May 9
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Grading
Components of Cost
Area of die / yield
Code density (memory is
the major part of die size)
Packaging
Design effort
Programming cost
Time-to-market
Reusability
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The Secret of Architecture
Design: Measurement and
Evaluation
Design
Analysis
Architecture Design is an iterative process:
Queuing Theory
Rules of Thumb
Fundamental Laws/Principles
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Review:
Performance, Cost,
Power
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Metric 1: Performance
Real programs
Kernels
Toy benchmarks
Synthetic benchmarks
e.g. Whetstones and Dhrystones
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SPEC: System Performance
Evaluation Cooperative
new set of programs: SPECint95 (8 integer programs) and SPECfp95 (10 floating point)
'
'
,
`
.
|
+
Die_area sity Defect_Den
1 d Wafer_yiel Yield Die
yield test Final
cost Packaging cost Testing cost Die
cost IC
+ +
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Real World Examples
Chip Metal Line Wafer Defect Area Dies/ Yield Die Cost
layers width cost /cm
2
mm
2
wafer
386DX 2 0.90 $900 1.0 43 360 71% $4
486DX2 3 0.80 $1200 1.0 81 181 54% $12
PowerPC 601 4 0.80 $1700 1.3 121 115 28% $53
HP PA 7100 3 0.80 $1300 1.0 196 66 27% $73
DEC Alpha 3 0.70 $1500 1.2 234 53 19% $149
SuperSPARC 3 0.70 $1700 1.6 256 48 13% $272
Pentium 3 0.80 $1500 1.5 296 40 9% $417
From "Estimating IC Manufacturing Costs, by Linley Gwennap,
Microprocessor Report, August 2, 1993, p. 15
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Cost/Performance
What is Relationship of Cost to Price?
Recurring Costs
Component Costs
Direct Costs (add 25% to 40%) recurring costs: labor, purchasing, scrap,
warranty