Work and Motivation
Work and Motivation
Work and Motivation
• Lead - in
• One of the most important responsibilities of a manager is motivate the people who report
to handle. But how? What kind of things motivate you? Which of these motivations would
be important for you in yourchoice of a job? Classify them in order of importance.
• D. job security
• F. A challenging job
• G Responsibility
• Theory Y on the contrary, assmed that most people have a phychological need to work
and given the right conditions-job security, finance rewards- they will be creative,
ambisious and self-motivated by the satisfaction of doing a good job. Theory y is
probably more applicable skilled professional s and what Peter Drucker called
knowledge workers-managers, specialists,, programmers, scientist, engineers- than
people in uskilled jobs. McGregor two theories are based on AbrahamMaslow’s famous
hierarchy of needsTheory X relates to basic , ‘lower order’needs at the bottom of the
hierarchy, such as financial security, while Theory Y relates to ‘higher order’ needs
such as esteem (achievement status and responsibility) and self actualization
(personal growth and fufilment) that can be pursued if basic need are satisfied.
Reading : ‘Satisfiers’ and ‘ Motivators’
• Another wellknown theorist of the phychology of work, Frederick Herzberg, has
argued that good working conditions arenot sufficient to motivate people. Read the
text and find out why.
• It is logical to suppose that things like good labour relations, good working
conditions, job security , good wages, and benefits such as sick pay, paid holidays,
and a pension are incentives that motivate workers. But in The Motivation to Work,
Frederick Hezberg argued that such conditions- or ‘hygiene factors’- do not in fact
motivate workers. They are merely ‘satisfiers’- or more importantly,’dissatisfiers’
where they do not exist. Workers who have them take them for granted. As hezberg
put it ‘A reward once givenbecomes a right’ . ‘Motivation’ on the contrary includes
things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and
resposibility, promotion and so on. Unless people are motivated and want to do a
good job, they they will not perform well.
Reading cont’d
• However there are and always will be plenty of boring repetitive and mecanical
jobs, and lots of unskilled workers who have to do them. How can managers
motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities ,
not as individuals but as part of a team. For example , some supermarketscombine
office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work on the
checkout tills into a team and let them decide what products lines to stock, how to
display them and so on. Other employers encourage job rotation, as doing four
different repetative jobs a day is better than doing only one. Many people now talk
about the importance of a company’s shared values or corporate culture, with
which all the staff can identify for example being the best hotel chain or hamburger
restaurant chain, or airline, or making the best safest, most user-friendly, most
ecological or most reliable products in a particular field. Unfortunately, not all the
competing companies in an industry can seriously claim to be the best.
Comprehension
• Are these sentences true or false
• 6. You can always motivate workers by telling them that they work for the best
company in the field.
Discussion : Attitute to work
• Which of the following statements do you agree with?
• 5. Most people are far more creative than their employees realize.
• 7. People want to be interested in their work and , given the right cinditions, they will enjoy it
• 8. Under the right conditions, most people will accept responsibility and will want to realizetheir
own potential
Vocabulary Found the word in the text that
mean the following :
• 1 Interaction betweenemployors and employees , or managers and workers.
• F. Canteen and restaurant staff (20 days holiday, free meals in canteen)
• G. Cleaners ( hourly wages, plus 8.33% extra as holiday pay, no other benefits)
• The managers meet to consider ways of increasing staff nmotivation. They have
to decide whether any of the following suggestions would be appropriate for
different groups of employees :
Here are the suggestions :
• 1. building sports facilities (e.g. A gymnasiun, tenniss courts)
• 3. giving longer paid holiday (such as an extra day for every yearworked over ten years)
• 4. offering cars at discount prices) 9. reducing the working week (e.g 35 hrs)
• Writing
• Write an email of no more than 100 words to the CEO, outlining and justifying
your choice of improvement benefits.
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