1) The document discusses Jose Rizal, a prominent Filipino revolutionary hero who wrote works criticizing Spanish colonial rule.
2) It examines the controversy over Rizal's alleged "Retraction" signed shortly before his execution, in which he purportedly recanted his writings against the Catholic Church.
3) While the retraction's authenticity and impact on Rizal's legacy remains debated, most scholars agree it does not diminish his role in inspiring the Philippine revolution for independence.
1) The document discusses Jose Rizal, a prominent Filipino revolutionary hero who wrote works criticizing Spanish colonial rule.
2) It examines the controversy over Rizal's alleged "Retraction" signed shortly before his execution, in which he purportedly recanted his writings against the Catholic Church.
3) While the retraction's authenticity and impact on Rizal's legacy remains debated, most scholars agree it does not diminish his role in inspiring the Philippine revolution for independence.
1) The document discusses Jose Rizal, a prominent Filipino revolutionary hero who wrote works criticizing Spanish colonial rule.
2) It examines the controversy over Rizal's alleged "Retraction" signed shortly before his execution, in which he purportedly recanted his writings against the Catholic Church.
3) While the retraction's authenticity and impact on Rizal's legacy remains debated, most scholars agree it does not diminish his role in inspiring the Philippine revolution for independence.
1) The document discusses Jose Rizal, a prominent Filipino revolutionary hero who wrote works criticizing Spanish colonial rule.
2) It examines the controversy over Rizal's alleged "Retraction" signed shortly before his execution, in which he purportedly recanted his writings against the Catholic Church.
3) While the retraction's authenticity and impact on Rizal's legacy remains debated, most scholars agree it does not diminish his role in inspiring the Philippine revolution for independence.
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Case Study 3:
Did Rizal Retract?
Group 4 Jose Rizal Identified as a hero of revolution for his writings that center on ending colonialism and liberating Filipino minds to contribute to creating Filipino nation. The Most Influencial Works of Rizal Noli Me Tangere (1887) El Filibusterismo (1891) His essay vilify not the catholic religion, but the friars, the main agent of injustice in the Philippines society.
Any piece of writing from Rizal that recants
everything he wrote against the friars and the Catholic church in the Philippines could deal heavy damage to his image as a prominent Filipino revolutionary. Such document purportedly exists, allegedly signed by Rizal a few hours before his execution.
This document, referred to as “The Retraction”,
declares Rizal’s belief in the catholic faith, and retracts everything he wrote against the church. Primary Source: Rizal’s Retraction Source: Translated from the document by Fr. Manuel Garcia, C.M. on 18 May 1935 I declare my self a catholic and in this The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Superior Religion in which I was born and educated I Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this wish to live and die. spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may have I retract with all of my heart whatever in my caused and so that God and people may pardon words, writings, publications and conduct has me. been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church. Manila 29 of December of 1896 Jose Rizal I believe and I confess whatever she teaches and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church, and a society prohibited by the Church. There are four iteration of the text of this retraction:
The first was published La Voz Española and Diario de
Manila on the day of the execution, 30 December 1896.
The second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain in the
magazine La Juventud, a few months after the execution, 14 February 1897, from anonymous writer who was later on revealed to be Fr. Vicente Balaguer. The “original’’ text was only found in the archdiocesan archives on 18 May 1935, after almost four decades of disappearance.
The retraction of Rizal remains to this day, a controversy; many
scholars, however, agree that the document does not tarnish the heroism of Rizal. His relevance remained solidified to Filipino and pushed them to continue the revolution, which eventually resulted in Independence 1898. Rizal’s Connection to the Katipunan is undeniable- in fact, the precursor of the Katipunan as an organization is the La Liga Filipina, as an organization Rizal founded, with Andres Bonifacio as one of it’s member.
But La Liga Filipina was short-lived as the Spaniards exiled
Rizal to Dapitan. Former member decided to band together to establish the Katipunan a few days after Rizal’s exile on 7 July 1892. Rizal may have not been officially part of the Katipunan, but the Katipuneros showed great appreciation of his work toward the same goal.
Out of the 28 members of the leadership of the Katipunan
(known as the Kataas-taasang Sanggunian ng Katipunan) from 1892 to 1896, 13 were former members of La Liga Filipina. Katipuneros even used Rizal’s name as a password. In 1896, the Katipuneros decided to inform Rizal of their plans to launched the revolution, and sent Pio Valenzuela to visit Rizal in Dapitan. Valenzuela’s accounts of his meeting with Rizal have been greatly doubted by many scholars, but according to him, Rizal objected to the plans, saying that doing so would be tantamount to suicide since it would be difficult to fight the Spaniards who had the advantage of military resources. He added that the leaders of the Katipunan must do everything they could to prevent the pilling of Filipino blood. Valenzuela informed Rizal that the revolution could inevitably break out of the Katipunan were to be discovered by the Spaniards.
Rizal advised Valenzuela that the Katipunan should first secure the support of wealthy Filipinos to strengthen their cause, and suggested that Antonio Luna be recruited to direct the military movement of the revolution. Primary Sources Eyewitness Account of the Last Hours of Rizal Every december 30, filipinos throughout the world remember the heroic death of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Bagumbayan ( New Town ) a city promenade that also served as a killing field or those who opposed Spanish colonial rule in the 9th century Philippines.
- At 7:50 yesterday morning , Jose Rizal entered death row accompanied by his counsel, Senior Taviel de Andrade, and the Jesuit Priest Vilaclara.
-At approximately 9 the Assistant of the Plaza , Señor Mauve asked Rizal if he wanted anything. He replied that at the moment he only wanted a prayer book, which was brought to him shortly by Father March
-At 3 in the afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and Rizal handed him what he had written. They entered death row and together with Rizal signed the document that the accused had written.
-At 5 this morning of the 30th the lover of Rizal arrived at the prison. The existence of the retraction document giving it credence. However nowhere in the account was Fr. Balaguer mentioned , which makes the friar a mere secondary source to the writing of the document. The retraction of rizal remains to this day many scholars however agree that the document does not tarnish the heroism of Rizal. His relevance remained solidified to Filipinos and pushed them to continue the revolution. SIX COLUMNS
Mars Venus Neptune
Mars is actually a very It has extremely high The farthest planet from cold place temperatures the Sun
Mercury Saturn Jupiter
It’s the closest planet to Saturn is the ringed one Jupiter is the biggest the Sun and a gas giant planet of them all AWESOME WORDS
(The Middle Ages Series) Thomas F. X. Noble - The Republic of St. Peter - The Birth of The Papal State, 680-825 (1984, University of Pennsylvania Press)
(The Middle Ages Series) Thomas F. X. Noble - The Republic of St. Peter - The Birth of The Papal State, 680-825 (1984, University of Pennsylvania Press)
