United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 –

Life Below Water

By: Upamannyu Sinha

 Table of Contents

Targets Under SDG - 14

01
Need for Conservation & Sustainable Use of
Marine Resources
02
Issues and Challenges – India & The World

03
Global & National Initiatives

04
 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable
development
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9
Reduce Marine Protect & Ocean Sustainable Conserve End Subsidies Increase economic Increase Scientific Support Small-
benefits from Knowledge, Research
Pollution Restore Acidification Fishing Coastal & Contributing to Scale Fishers
sustainable use of & Technology for
Ecosystems Marine Areas Overfishing marine resources Ocean Health

• By 2025,
• Minimize and • By 2020,
significantly address the • Increase
effectively • By 2020, •
reduce • By 2020, impacts of • By 2020, By 2030, scientific • Provide access
regulate prohibit certain increase the
marine sustainably ocean harvesting and
conserve at
forms of knowledge, for small-scale
pollution. manage and acidification. least 10 per economic develop artisanal
end fisheries benefits to
protect cent of coastal research fishers to
overfishing, subsidies which small island
• 8 Million marine and • Ocean and marine capacity and marine
illegal, contribute to developing
coastal absorbs areas. transfer marine resources and
Tonnes of unreported overfishing, States and
ecosystems. almost 1/3 of technology, in markets
plastic enters and eliminate least
the carbon • Marine- order to
ocean every unregulated subsidies that developed
• Promotes use dioxide we protected Areas improve ocean • Important for
year fishing (IUUF) contribute to countries
of ecosystem produce. expanded from health and to development
IUUF. from the
based 1.7% (2000) of enhance the & survival of
• Based on sustainable
• 70% of all approach for • Ocean – all marine contribution of the poor in the
estimates, we • This is a major use of marine
debris end up conservation. More acidic areas to 13.2% marine coastal regions.
can run out of issue at WTO for resources
in the ocean. by 30% since (2017). biodiversity
seafood by India.
1800s. 2048.
 Need for Conservation of Marine Resources

Rapid Decline in Marine Biodiversity Regulates Climate

 Oceans form 80% of planet’s biodiversity

 Acts as carbon sink
 50% loss of Coral Reefs since 1870

 40% loss of Mangroves since 1970

 Over 90% of additional heat caused by
 One-third of marine mammals and global warming is stored as oceans
nearly one-third of sharks face
extinction

 Almost one million species are  Transportation of heat from equator to

threatened with extinction globally the poles

Important Source of Food Economic Benefits

 Fish provide 20 percent of animal  Fisheries and aquaculture currently

protein to about 3 billion people. employs directly 56 million people

 Accounts for 16% of all animal protein  Fish & Fish farming support almost
consumed globally 12% of global population
Source: Global Biodiversity Outlook
 Pressure on resources and the  By 2030, ocean-based industries will
environment have led to calls for food employ more than 40 million people
production and for people’s diets to worldwide.
change.
 Issues and Challenges – India & the World

Marine Pollution & Ocean Acidification Sustainable Fishing & Fishing Subsidies Conservation & Scientific Development
• 31% of fish population are • Preservation of
World over-exploitated ecosystems in oceans–
The Great Fisheries • 58% of fish stocks reached Marine planned management
Pacific Situation max potential Conservation • Can be achieved via global
Garbage • 26 mn ton illegally fished conventions and treaties
Patch

• Protects marine fauna

Components • Contributes to Food • Marine Protected Areas –
• Intentional Discharge of Security 25 in Indian mainland and
Technologies over 100 in islands; CRZs
• Oil Spills Sustainable • Opposite of destructive
Sources of for Marine • Technologies like PSAT,
• Littering Fishing fishing like Bottom Trawling
Pollution Conservation TEDs, RFIDs etc.
• Ocean Mining
• Agriculture
• Estimated to be over USD
• Harmful to marine animals 30 Bn – Leads to • Integration of Science
Fishing Scientific
• Ocean Acidification, Overfishing into Marine Policy
Subsidies Development • Transfer of knowledge to
Impacts of Eutrophication & Dead • Subsidies – For Industrial for Marine
Pollution Zones Fishing v For Small Fishers poorer countries
Conservation
• Threat to Human Health

India versus WTO – Fishing Subsidies Interlinking of Goals

• 12th largest source of
marine litter • India seeks 25 year • Wants developing Affordable & Clean Energy
Marine Pollution • Single-use plastic – Ban transition to do away countries to do away
in India with fishing subsidies with fishing subsidies Life Below
• Need for institutional Climate Action
by 2030. Water
framework
Peace, Justice & Strong
Institutions
 Global and National Initiatives

Global Initiatives National Initiatives - India

UN Convention On
One Ocean Summit Wildlife Protection
Biological Diversity Deep Ocean Mission
Act (1972)

GloLitter Partnership
Blue Nature Alliance Coastal Regulation Biological Diversity
Project
Zone (CRZ) Act of India (2002)

International Blue PM Matsya Sampada

Carbon Initiative Yojana for Sustainable
Fishing

Lack of Comprehensive Failure to Enact Global

Major Issue Treaty to Protect Ocean Ocean Protection Treaty
Biodiversity in High Seas
Let us all today pledge together:

To stop littering our beaches;

To protect our dying oceans;
To save our Planet Earth;

Thank You