Introduction To First Aid & Basic Life Support
Introduction To First Aid & Basic Life Support
Introduction To First Aid & Basic Life Support
Consent
Duty to act
Negligence
Abandonment
confidentiality
Health hazards and risk
•Direct contact.
•Indirect contact.
•Airborne transmission.
•Bites.
Prevention and protection
Scene Size Up
I. Scene Safety
II. Knowing What Happened
Cause of injury
Nature of illness
III. Role of bystanders
IV. Number of casualties
V. Asking permission or consent
To obtain consent, do the following:
• Identify yourself to the victim
• State your level of training.
• Ask the victim whether you may help.
• Explain what you observe.
• Explain what you plan to do.
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
Assessing Responsiveness
A patients`s response level can be summarized
in the AVPU
A-Alert
V-Responsive to Voice
P- Responsive to Pain
U-Unresponsive/Unconscious
Primarry assessment can be
done with the patient in the
position in which you find him or
her, and begins with checking
the patient`s responsive.
. Activate Medical Help
II
• What happened?
• Location of emergency?
• Number of person injured or ill?
• Cause and extent of injury and nature of illness
• and first aid given?
• Telephone number from where call is made?
• Name of person who called medical help(person
must identify him/herself and hang up
the phone last.)
III. Airway
An open airway allows air to enter the lungs
for the person to breathe. If the airway is
blocked, the person cannot breathe.
IV. Breathing
While maintaining an open airway, quickly
check an unconcious person for breathing by
doing the LLF technique for no more than 10
second.
V. Circulation
• Pulse
Check for definite pulse at carotid area
for adult or child, while brachial for infant
(Applicable for Professional Rescuers
and Healthcare Providers).
• Bleeding
Quickly look foe severe bleeding by looking
over the person`s body from head to toe for
Signals such as blood-soaked clothing or
blood spurting out of a wound.
• Shock
If left untreated, shock can lead to death
Always look for the signals of shocks whenever
you are giving care.
1.Early Prevention
2.Early Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
3.Early Access
4.Early Pediatric Life Support
5.Post Cardiac Arrest Care
Heart Attack
Also called myocardial infarction occurs when
the blood and oxygen supply to the heart is
reduced causing damage to the heart muscle
and preventing blood from circulating
effectively. It is usually caused by coronary
heart disease.
The term “angina pectorias” means
literally “ constriction
of the chest” Angina occurs when
coronary arteries, which supply the
heart muscle with blood, become
narrowed and cannot carry sufficient
blood to meet increased demands
during exertion or excitement.
Signs and Symptoms
What to Look for:
• Chest pain, discomfort or pressure.
• Pain may be associated from discomfort to
unbearable crushing sensation in the chest.
• Person may describe it as pressure,
squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in
the the chest
• Some individual may not show signals at all.
Signs and Symptoms
What to do:
• Have patient stop what he or she is dong
and sit or lie him/her down in a comfortable
position. Do not let him/her to move around.
• Have someone call the physician
or ambulance for help.
• If patient is under medical care,
• assist him/her in taking his/her prescribed
medecine/s.
Cardiac Arrest
Is a condition occurs when the heart stops and
no blood circulaters thruthe blood vessels
and vital organs are deprived of oxygen
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
Is a combination of chest compression and
rescue breathing
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
All patients in cardiac arrest receive
resuscitation unless:
• The patient has a valid Do Not Attempt
Resuscitation (DNAR) order]
• The patient has signs of irreversible
death: rigor mortis, decapitation, or
dependent lividity.
TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATIONFOR ADULT, CHILD AND INFANT
ACTION ADULT CHILD (1-2 INFANT (UNDER
(13 YEARS OLD YEARS OLD) 1 YEAR OLD)
AND ABOVE)
COMPRESSION Center of the chest (on lower Center of the
AREA half of sternum) chest (on lower
half of sternum,
just below nipple
line)
DEPTH At least 2 inches About 2 About 1 ½ inches
(5cm) inches (5cm) (4cm)
How To 2 Heel of (0ne Heel of 1 2 fingers (middle
Compress hand on top of hand or 2 & ring fingertips)
the other) hands
Rate(speed) At least 100 compressions per minute
Compression/ 30.2 30.2 for 1 rescuer
Ventilation 1 or 2 rescuers 15.2 for rescuers
Ratio
ACTION ADULT CHILD (1- INFANT
(13 YEARS 2 YEARS (UNDER 1
OLD AND OLD) YEAR OLD)
ABOVE)
Ways to Mouth-to-Mouth Mouth-to-Mouth
&Nose
Ventilate Mouth-to-Nose
Protective equipment to
ventilate:
Face Shield; Face Mask and Bag
Valve Mask (BVM)
Ventilatio Until the chest rises (about 1
n second per ventilation)
ACTION ADULT CHILD (1- INFANT
(13 YEARS 2 YEARS (UNDER 1
OLD AND OLD) YEAR OLD)
ABOVE)
Number of 5 cycles 5 cycles for 1 rescuer
Cycles Per 1 or 2 10 cycles for 2
Two rescuers rescuers
Minute
Counting for 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*10*
Standardiza 11*12*13*14*15*16*17*18*19*20*
tion 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*and 1
Purposes Then breath, breath
(...up to 5 cycles)
Chest compression only (Hands only)CPR
Is done if a person is unwilling or unable to
perform ventilation.
Defibrillation
Is the treatment of irregular, sporadic, or absent
heart rhythms by aqn electrical current to the
heart.
• The most effective treatment for VF is
electrical defibrillation.
• The probability of successful defibrillation
decreases quality over time.
• VF deteriorates to asystole if not treated.