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    Science 9 Quarter 2

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    Catherine Yorong Pedrano
    This document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals through the sharing of valence electrons, allowing atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Key differences between ionic and covalent bonds include their method of bond formation, physical state, melting/boiling points, solubility, and electrical conductivity.

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    Science 9 Quarter 2

    Uploaded by

    Catherine Yorong Pedrano
    113 views12 pages
    This document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals through the sharing of valence electrons, allowing atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Key differences between ionic and covalent bonds include their method of bond formation, physical state, melting/boiling points, solubility, and electrical conductivity.

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    Chemical Bonding

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    This document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals through the sharing of valence electrons, allowing atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Key differences between ionic and covalent bonds include their method of bond formation, physical state, melting/boiling points, solubility, and electrical conductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    113 views12 pages

    Science 9 Quarter 2

    Uploaded by

    Catherine Yorong Pedrano
    This document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals through the sharing of valence electrons, allowing atoms to achieve stable electron configurations. Key differences between ionic and covalent bonds include their method of bond formation, physical state, melting/boiling points, solubility, and electrical conductivity.

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    Chemical

    Bonding
    Valence electrons
    -are the electrons involved in
    forming bonds to form compounds.
    Metals have low electronegativity
    Non-metals have high
    electronegativity
    Electronegativity
    - is a measure of tendency to
    attract electrons, the higher
    its value, the higher its
    tendency of an atom to
    attract electrons.
    Chemical bonds
    - are forces that hold atoms
    together to make compounds or
    molecules. It is the connection
    between atoms in a molecule.
    These bonds include both strong
    intramolecular interactions, such as
    covalent and ionic bonds.
    Atoms with the largest
    electronegativity differences (such
    as metals bonding with nonmetals),
    the bonding interaction is called
    ionic, and the valence electrons are
    typically represented as being
    transferred from metal atom to the
    nonmetal.
    Example of ionic bond:
    Magnesium and fluorine combine
    to form an ionic compound.
     Mg most commonly forms a 2+
    ion. This is because Mg has two
    valence electrons and it would
    like to get rid of those two ions to
    obey the octet rule.
    Flourine has seven valence
    electrons and usually forms the F –
    ion because it gains one electron to
    satisfy the octet rule. When Mg2+
    and F- combine to form an ionic
    compound, their charges must
    cancel out. Therefore, one Mg2+
    needs two F- ions to neutralize the
    charge.
    Covalent bonds – are a class of
    chemical bonds where valence
    electrons are shared between
    two atoms, typically two
    nonmetals. The formation of a
    covalent bond allows the
    nonmetals to obey the octet rule
    and thus become more stable.
    For example: flourine and carbon
     A flourine atom has seven valence
    electrons. If it shares one electron
    with a carbon atom (which has four
    valence electrons), the flourine will
    have a full octet (its seven electrons
    plus the one it is sharing with
    carbon).
    Carbon will then have five
    valence electrons (its four and the
    one its sharing with flourine).
    Covalently sharing two electrons
    is also known as a “single bond”.
    Carbon will have to form four
    single bonds with four different
    flourine atoms to fill its octet.
    There are two types of covalent
    bonds: the polar and the nonpolar
    covalent bonds. If the
    electronegativity difference is equal
    to 0.4, it results to a nonpolar
    covalent bond. If the
    electronegativity difference is less
    than 1.9 and more than 0.4, polar
    covalent is formed.
    Difference of Ionic and Covalent
    Bonds based on their properties
    IONIC COVALENT
    Types of Atoms Involved Metals and nonmetals Nonmetals
    (Metal, Nonmetal)
    Method of Bond Formation Positive ions bonding Sharing valence
    (Valence Electrons) with negative ions… electrons
    Transfer of Electrons
    Type of Structure Crystalline Molecular
    Physical State Solid Gases, liquids, or low
    (Solid, Liquid, Gas) melting point solids
    Melting/Boiling Point High melting point Low melting point
    (High or Low)
    Solubility in Water? Soluble Insoluble/soluble
    Electrical Conductivity? High (as liquid) Does not conduct
    Low ( as solid)
    Other Properties Most are hard Flammable

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