Online Control Lecture #2
Online Control Lecture #2
Online Control Lecture #2
TRANSFER FUNCTION
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
S116 IDL 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Use the Laplace transform theorems to solve the problems in Laplace
transform and inverse Laplace transform.
• Define the transfer function.
• Find out the differences between open-loop and closed-loop transfer
functions for feedback control system.
• Derive the open-loop transfer function and closed-loop transfer function of
the feedback control system.
• Derive the transfer function of complex system using block diagram algebra.
Laplace Transform
• Is a method of transforming Differential Equations into
more easily solved Algebraic Equation.
Laplace Transform
f(t) F(s)
Inverse Laplace Transform
Laplace Transform Pair Table
Laplace transform theorem
Exercise
1. Find the Laplace transform of
(a) f(t) = A e-at u(t)
3 2
(b) y (t ) 3 3 2y 5 dy 4 y
d y d
dt dt dt
C ( s)
G ( s)
R( s)
Deriving a transfer function from a
differential equation
Answer 1 1 2t
c(t ) e
2 2
Exercise
• Find the transfer function, G(s) corresponding to differential equation:
d 3c d 2c dc d 2r dr
3
3 2
7 5c 2
4 3r
dt dt dt dt dt
SUMMING POINT :
Is where signals are algebraically added together. ( Normally the feedback signal being
subtracted from the required value to give the error signal )
TAKE-OFF POINT :
The junction which is represented by two lines
meeting and the junction marked with a ‘.’ ( In Electric cct, the Junction between
conductors which enables a current to be taken off )
BLOCK :
Is usually drawn with its transfer function written inside it.
Transfer Function for Feedback Control
System
B(s)
• Feedback Path :
The feedback path is used for those elements through which a signal
passes when being fed back from the output towards the input. [ The
T.F. for elements in the feedback path are usually designated by H or
H(s) ]
• Feedback Path :
The term feedforward path is used for those elements which are in
parallel with the forward path and thru which signals move in the
same direction, i.e. INPUT-TO-OUTPUT.
Block Diagram Algebra
fig_05_02
fig_05_02
fig_05_03
fig_05_03
fig_05_05
fig_05_05
fig_05_07
fig_05_07
fig_05_08
fig_05_08
Exercise
• Reduce the block diagram shown below to a single transfer function.
Answer
Exercise
Reduce the block diagram shown below to a single transfer
function.
Answer
Exercise
Find the equivalent transfer function, T(s)=C(s)/R(s) for the
system shown below.
s3 1
T ( s) 4
Answer 2s s 2 2s
-vefig_05_06
FB Control