Neurobiology of Appetite
Neurobiology of Appetite
Neurobiology of Appetite
OF APPETITE
(2) Network approaches-The central neural networks that integrate inputs and produce the
motivational processes that drive eating.
(3) Motor approaches- Neural control of the movements of eating, often called the microstructure
of eating. Food is licked, sucked, bitten, or masticated prior to being moved by lingual and palatal
movements to the oropharynx and swallowed.
Appetite Is a Network Function
(1) There may be no brain locus where all neural signals controlling appetite converge.
(2) It is unlikely that a neural basis for a unitary motivational process for appetite will
be found. (3) Controls of eating that are elaborated in different parts of the network
may not always operate in a coordinated manner.
The Meal is the appropriate unit of analysis for both functional and
physiological analyses of appetite. The meal is also the biological unit of eating.
Telencephalon
Telencephalic contribution to appetite is the
Telencephalic reward network
a)Activity of leptin/insulin-sensitive
adiposity signaling pathways in
hypothalamus under conditions of
leptin/insulin deficiency.
Cholecystokinin
CCK is secreted from I-type enteroendocrine cells in the
duodenum and small intestine to intestinal lamina propria where
it binds to CCK receptors on the vagus nerve terminal,
transferring satiety signals to the hypothalamus via the
brainstem and pontine parabrachial nucleus.
Oxyntomodulin (OXM)
OXM is produced from pre proglucagon along with
GLP-1 in intestinal L cells and has modest
anorexigenic actions
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone synthesized and
released primarily by enteroendocrine cells in
the stomach and proximal small intestine.
2.Food Reward-
• Wanting-VTA to nucleus accumbens (NAc) signaling within
dopaminergic mesolimbic circuits.
• Liking-Sensory information from the gustatory cortex, comprising
the insula/frontal operculum (primary gustatory cortex), the OFC
(secondary gustatory cortex), and the somatosensory cortex.
Arcuate Nucleus, Brain Stem and Telencephalon are the main region
in CNS.
2. Nature Review Article Central nervous system control of food intake and
body weight- G. J. Morton1, D. E. Cummings, D. G. Baskin G. S. Barsh &
M. W. Schwartz
3. Nature Insight Review Article-Central nervous system control of food
intake-Michael W. Schwartz, Stephen C. Woods, Daniel Porte Jr, Randy J.
REFERENCES Seeley & Denis G. Baskin