Quarter 2

Grade 10
MUSIC
Prayer
Good Morning
Grade 10 !

Welcome to our MUSIC class for the

2nd Grading Period.
Let us start…
Let’s Recall…
Do you still remember what are the
elements of music?

Let’s do a short recall.

RHYTHM
This element is what makes
music move and flow. It is made
up of sounds and silences. What
is this element?
beat, meter, tempo, syncopation
DYNAMICS
This element refers to the
volume of a sound and note. All
musical aspects relating to
loudness (or quietness) of music
fall under this element.
crescendo, decrescendo
MELODY
It is a timely arranged linear
sequence of pitched sounds that
the listener perceives as a single
entity. What is this element?

pitch, theme, conjunct, disjunct

TEXTURE
It is how melodic, rhythmic, and
harmonic materials are combined
in a composition. What is this
element?
monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic
TEMPO
It is the rate of speed of a
musical piece or passage
indicated by one of a series of
directions and often by an exact
metronome marking.
largo, presto, or allegro
 Traditional Music of Africa
Afrobeat - It is used to describe fusion of Western
African with Black American music.

Apala (Akpala) - It is a musical genre from Nigeria

in the Yoruba tribal style. It used to
wake-up worshippers after fasting
during Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Axe - It is a popular genre from Salvador, Bahia,
and Brazil played by carnival bands.
 Traditional Music of Africa
Jit - It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean
dance music played on drum with guitar
accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based
guitar styles.
Jive - It is a popular form of South African music
featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of
the jitterbug and is a form of swing dance.
Juju - It is a musical style from Nigeria that relies
on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where
instruments are more Western in origin.
 Traditional Music of Africa
Kwassa kwassa - It is a dance style that began in
Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man. In this style, the hips move back
and forth while arms follow the hip
movements.
Marabi - It is South African three-chord township
music characterized by simple chords in
varying vamping patterns with repetitive
harmony.
 Latin American as Influenced
by African Music
Reggae - It is a Jamaican musical style that was
influenced by the island’s traditional mento
music.

Salsa - It is dance music from Cuba, Puerto Rico,

and Colombia. It is composed of various
genres including the Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero.
 Latin American as Influenced
by African Music
Samba - It is a Brazilian musical genre and style. It
is lively and has rhythmical beat with three
steps to every bar, making the samba feels like
a timed dance.

Soca - It is also called as the “soul of calypso”. It

originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian
rhythms.
 Latin American as Influenced
by African Music
Were - It is a Muslim music often performed as a
wake-up call for the early breakfast and
prayers during Ramadan celebrations.

Zouk - It is a carnival–like rhythm, from the creole

slang word for “party”.
 Vocal Form of African Music
Maracatu - It is first surfaced in the African state of
Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythm of
African percussion instruments with
Portuguese melodies.
Blues - It is a musical form of the late 19th century
that had deep roots in African-American
communities, located in the so called “Deep
South” of the US, where the slaves and their
descendants used to sing as they worked in
the cotton and vegetable fields.
 Vocal Form of African Music

Soul - It was a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s. It

originated in the US, and combined elements of African-
American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often
jazz.
Spiritual - It is associated with deeply religious person. It
pertains to a song form, known as the “Negro spiritual”
sang by the African slaves in America who became
enslaved by their white communities.
 Vocal Form of African Music

Call and Response - It is a method of a succession of two

distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different
musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct
commentary on or response to the first.
Music of Latin
America
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Cumbia - It consists of varying rhythmic meters in
different locations. The instruments used are
drums of African origin, such as the tabora,
(bass drum), claves (a pair of the thick
hardwood sticks struck together to set the
beat), guitar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute,
and caja (a type of snare drum).
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Tango - The word “ tango” has been of African
origin, meaning “African dance” or from the
Spanish word taner meaning “to play” an
instrument. During the 1890s, it developed as
the foremost urban song and dance form in
the working class areas of Buenos, Aires,
Argentina related to the Cuban contradanza
and habanera.
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Chacha - It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba.
It was derived from the mambo and its
characteristics rhythm of 2 crochets—3
quavers—quaver rest, with a syncopation on
the fourth beat.
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Rumba - It is popular recreational dance of Afro-
Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple
meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted
quaver—dotted quaver –dotted semiquaver
rhythm. It has a repetitive melody with an
ostinato pattern played by maracas, claves,
and other percussion instruments.
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Reggae - It is an urban popular music and dance
style that originated in Jamaica in the mid-
1960s. It contained English texts coupled with
Creole expressions that were not so familiar to
the non-Jamaican. It was a synthesis of
Western American (Afro-American) popular
music and the traditional Afro-Jamaican
music.
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Foxtrot - The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance
that originated after 1910 in the USA. It was
executed as one step, two step and syncopated
rhythmic pattern. The tempo varied from 30 to
40 bars per minute and had a simple duple
meter with regular 4-bar phrases.
 Vocal and Dance Forms of
Latin American Music
Paso Doble - It means double step. It is a theatrical
Spanish dance used by Spaniards in
bullfights. The music was played as the
matador (a bullfighter whose task is to kill the
bull) enters (paseo); and also, during passes
just before the kill (faena).
 Jazz Music
The development of the jazz genre was an offshoot of the
music of African slaves who were brought to America. As
an outlet for their deepest feelings, the Africans used
music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country
as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate
condition as slaves in America. Jazz evolved into different
upbeat forms which the world adopted and incorporated
into other contemporary styles.
 Popular Music
It literally means “ music of the populace”, similar
to traditional music of the past. In the 20th
century, pop music (as it has come to be called)
generally consisted of music for entertainment of
large number of people, whether on radio or in live
performances.
 Popular Music

Folk Music - Traditionally, folk music pertains to

melodies and songs of the common people
handed down one generation to the next. Folk
music commonly expresses the character of
ethnic and social groups, and sometimes of a
nation. As the music of the people, it shows
political or religious beliefs, tells a story,
recount history, or simply provides
amusement.
 Popular Music

Country and Western Music - It is the combination of

popular musical forms originally found in the
southern United States. The terminology “country
music” began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier
term “hillbilly music” was felt to be degrading, and the
term was subsequently embraced in the 1970s. The
music reflects the people’s life experiences and local
settings, even while combining the ideas of a
continued development of the society with nostalgia
for one’s roots and culture.
 Ballads
It is about expressive folksong in narrative verse
with text dealing typically with love. The word
“ballad”, derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “ballade”, meansa dancing
song. Nowadays, the term ballad pertains to a love
song in slightly pop or rock style.
 Standards
It is used to denote the most popular and enduring
songs from a particular genre or styles. Its style is
moderate tempo with a relaxed mood and highly
playable melodies with the range and technical
capacity of amateur singers.
 Rock and Roll
It was greatly popular song from US during the late
1940s to the 1960s. In the classic form, rock and
roll employed one or two electric guitars (lead,
rhythm), a bass guitar, and a set of drums that
provided the rhythmic pattern.
 Disco
Disco music pertained to rock music that was more
danceable. The disco style had a soaring and
reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a
steady beat for ease of dancing, and accompanied
by stringed, horns, electric guitars, and electric
pianos or synthesizers.
 Pop Music
Like disco era, other pop music superstars
continued to emerge including pop superstars like
Celine Dion, Madonna, Michael Jackson (The King
of Pop) and the today’s pop music idols, such
Boyzone, Westlife, Black Eyed Peas, K-pop groups,
etc.
 Hip Hop and
Rap
The musical style is a highly rhythmic type of music
that usually includes rap (rhythmic chanted words).
In rapping, the artist performs along within the
instruments or the synthesizer beat.
 Alternative Music
It is an underground and independent form of
music that arose in the 1980s. It was recognized as
unconventional practices such as distorted guitar
sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It
was also characterized by high energy levels that
bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-
punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop,
C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing.
 Original Pilipino
Music (OPM)
It pertains to the Philippine pop song, particularly
ballads, such as those popular after the fading of
its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late
1970s.
 Activity 1
https://tinyurl.com/Act-1-Q2-Music
 Musical
Instrumental of
Africa
IDIOPHONE
An idiophone is any musical
instrument that creates sound
primarily by the vibration of the
instrument itself.
 IDIOPHONE
BALAFONIt is West African xylophone. It is pitched
percussion instrument with bars made
from logs or bamboo.

RATTLES These are vessels made of seashells, tin

basketry, animal hoofs, horn, wood,
metal, cocoons, palm kernels or tortoise
shells.
 IDIOPHONE
AGOGO It is a single bell or multiple bells that had its
origins in the traditional Yoruba music as in
the samba bateria (percussion) ensembles.

ATINGTI These are split gongs used to communicate

NG KON between villages. Traditionally, they were
curved out of wood to resemble ancestors
and has a slit opening at the bottom.
 IDIOPHONE
SLIT DRUM It is a hollow percussion instrument. It is
curved or constructed from bamboo or
wood into a box with one or more slits on
the top.
DJEMBE It is shaped like a large goblet and played
with bare hands. The body is carved from
hollowed trunk and covered with goat skin.
SHEKE IDIOPHONE
RE It is a type of gourd and shell megaphone
from West Africa, consisting of a dried gourd
with beads woven into a net covering the
gourd.

RASP It is a hand percussion instrument whose

sound is produced by scraping the notches on
a piece of curved wood with a stick, creating
a series of rattling effects.
MEMBRANOPHONE
It is any musical instrument which
produces sound primarily by way of
a vibrating stretched membrane.
 BODY
PERCUSSIO MEMBRANOPHONE
N Aside from using their voices, they also
clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound
their upper arms or chests, or shuffle and
stomp their feet.

TALKING DRUMIt is used to send messages to announce

births, deaths, marriages, sporting events,
dances, initiation, or war, even sometimes
gossips or jokes.
LAMELLOPHONE
It is a member of the family of
musical instruments makes its sound
by a thin vibrating plate called a
lamella or tongue, which is mounted
on the sound board.
 LAMELLOPHONE
MBIRA
Also called as thumb
piano or finger
xylophone. It is
composed of a wooden
board with attached
metal lines of graduated
sizes.
CHORDOPHONE
A musical instrument that makes
sound by way of a vibrating string
or strings stretched between two
points.
 CHORDOPHONE
MUSICAL
BOW
It is the ancestor of all
string instruments. It is
the oldest and one of the
widely used string
instruments of Africa.
 MUSICAL BOW

1. MOUTH CHORDOPHONE
BOW It consist of a single string attached to
each end of a curved stick, similar to a
bow and arrow.

2. RESONATOR BOW It is a form of the mouth bow with calabash

resonator attached at its mid-point.

3. EARTH BOW It is also called as ground bow or pit harp,

consists of a flexible pole which is planted
in the ground.
 CHORDOPHONE
LUTE Its shape is like a modern guitar and played in similar
technique. It has resonating body, a neck, and one
more string which stretch across the length of its body
and neck.

KORA
It is the most sophisticated harp of Africa. The body
is made from gourd or calabash.
 CHORDOPHONE
ZITHE
R It is s stringed instrument with varying sizes and
shapes whose strings are stretched along the body.

ZEZE It is a fiddle from Sub-Saharan Africa that is played with

bow or plucked with fingers. It has one or two strings,
made from steel or bicycle brake wire.
AEROPHONE
A musical instrument that produces
sound primarily by causing a body
of air to vibrate, without the use of
strings or membranes and without
the vibration of the instrument itself.
 AEROPHONE
PANPIPES It consists of cane pipes of different lengths
tied in a row. They are blown across the top,
each producing a different note.

KUDU HORN It is made from horn of kudu antelope. It can

release a mellow and warm sound that adds a
unique African accent to music.
 AEROPHONE
REED PIPES They are single-reed pipes made from hollow
guinea corn or sorghum stem, where the reed
is flap partially cut from the stem near one
end.

WHISTLES Short piece of horn serve as whistles,

often with short tube inserted into the
mouthpiece.
 AEROPHONE
TRUMPETS
It can be made of wood,
animal horn, elephant tusks,
and gourds, ornamented with
snake or crocodile skins or the
hide of zebras, leopards, and
other animals.
 Musical
Instrumental of
Latin America
 AZTEC AND MAYAN INSTRUMENTS
Tlapitzalli A flute variety from the Aztec culture, it is
made of clay with decorations of abstract
designs or images of their deities.

Teponaztli A slit drum hollowed out and carved from a

piece of hardwood. It is used for both religious
and recreation purposes.
 AZTEC AND MAYAN INSTRUMENTS
Concha It is usually made from the shell of the large sea
snail. It is prepared by creating a hole in the
shell’s spine near apex, then blown into as if were
a trumpet.

Rasp It is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is

produced by scraping a stick into it.
 ANDEAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Siku
It is made of bamboo
tubes, but can also be
made from condor feather,
bone, and any materials.
Siku is split towards two
row pipes.
 ANDEAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Charango
Its size is like ukulele and
is a smaller version of
mandolin. It can produce
bright sounds and often
used to serenade in
Southern Peru.
 Activity 2
https://tinyurl.com/Act-2-Q2-Music
 PERFORMANCE TASK
My Improvised Musical Instrument in Tiktok (Integrated with Arts)
 Directions:
• Create an Improvised Musical Instrument using materials found at home.
(guitar, drum, flute etc.)
NOTE: Be sure that your improvised musical instrument can produce sound.
• Choose an Original Pilipino Music (OPM) song.
• Using your Improvised Musical Instrument, do a Tiktok Performance of your
chosen OPM song.
• Submit your recorded tiktok video to your subject teacher.
Thank you for
listening 
- Sir Banton