Michael Faraday - Group 2

Faraday and the
Electromagnetic
Theory
INTRODUCTION
Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867) was an
English scientist who made an immense
contribution to physics and chemistry
especially in the fields of electromagnetism
and electrochemistry. His main discoveries
include the principles underlying
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism
and electrolysis. Although Faraday received
little formal education, he was one of the
most influential scientists in history.
MICHAEL FARADAY INVENTED THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR
In 1820, Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian
Oersted discovered that flow of electric current
through a wire produced a magnetic field. His
discovery of electromagnetism initiated intensive
research in the field. Michael Faraday was the first to
understand that this discovery meant that if a
magnetic pole could be isolated, it ought to move
constantly in a circle around a current-carrying wire. In
1822, Faraday invented the first electric motor, a
simple device that could convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Known as a homopolar motor, his
invention was useful only for demonstrative purposes.
However, it was the first step in the evolution of the
immensely useful electric motor.
MICHAEL FARADAY DISCOVERED THE PHENOMENON OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
In 1831, Faraday conducted his most famous experiment. He

wrapped two wires around the opposite ends of an iron ring.
He plugged one wire into a galvanometer, and watched it as he
connected the other wire to a battery. When he connected and
disconnected the wire to the battery, a transient current was
produced which could be seen in the galvanometer. This
induction was due to the change in magnetic flux that occurred
when the battery was connected and disconnected. It was thus
a manifestation of electromagnetic induction. The
phenomenon responsible for Faraday’s experiment is now
known as mutual induction. It occurs when change in current in
one inductor induces a voltage in another nearby inductor. It is
important for being the mechanism by which transformers
work.
MICHAEL FARADAY INVENTED THE FIRST
ELECTROMAGNETIC GENERATOR
He invented a device which could produce a

steady (DC) current by rotating a copper disc
between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. The
outside of the disk would cut more lines than
the inside, and thus there would be a
continuous current produced in the circuit
linking the rim to the center. Known as the
Faraday disc, this was the first electromagnetic
generator, a device which converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy. It was also the
starting point for modern dynamos, the first
electrical generators capable of delivering
power for industry.
MICHAEL FARADAYHE FORMULATED THE
FARADAY’S LAWS OF ELECTROLYSIS
In 1832, while conducting investigations into

the nature of electricity, Faraday formulated
his two laws of electrolysis. The first law states
that the amount of a substance deposited on
each electrode of an electrolytic cell is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity
passed through the cell. The second law states
that the quantities of different elements
deposited by a given amount of electricity are
in the ratio of their chemical equivalent
weights. These laws are vital to our
understanding of electrode reactions.
MICHAEL FARADAY DISCOVERED THE PRINCIPLE OF
ELECTROSTATIC SHIELDING TO INVENT THE FARADAY CAGE
In 1836, Faraday observed that the excess charge on a charged
conductor resides only on its exterior and had no influence on
anything enclosed within it. This happens as an external electrical
field causes the electric charges within the cage’s conducting
material to be distributed such that they cancel the field’s effect in
the cage’s interior. Faraday applied this principle to invent the
Faraday Cage, which is an enclosure used to block electric fields.
Faraday cages are still used for various purposes like to protect
people and equipment against lightning strikes and to create dead
zones for mobile communications. In 1843, Michael Faraday
conducted his famous ice pail experiment to demonstrate this
shielding effect. This experiment was the first precise quantitative
experiment on electrostatic charge and is still widely used in physics
lectures to teach the principles of electrostatics.
MICHAEL FARADAY MADE FUNDAMENTAL
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT
In 1845, just 170 years ago, Faraday discovered
that a magnetic field influenced polarized light – a
phenomenon known as the magneto-optical effect
or Faraday effect or the Faraday rotation, this
effect is a magnetic-optical phenomenon, which is
the interaction between light and a magnetic field
in a medium. To be precise, he found that the
plane of vibration of a beam of linearly polarized
light incident on a piece of glass rotated when a
magnetic field was applied in the direction of
propagation of the beam. This was one of the first
indications that electromagnetism and light were
related.
MICHAEL FARADAY’S DISCOVERY OF DIAMAGNETISM
Faraday discovered that all the materials had a weak repulsion towards the
magnetic fields, that is to say that they create a magnetic field induced in the
direction opposite to an applied magnetic field externally, being repelled by
the applied magnetic field, who denominates it "diamagnetism". He also
discovered that paramagnetic materials behave in the opposite way, being
attracted by an applied external magnetic field. Faraday showed that this
property (diamagnetic or paramagnetic) is present in all substances. The
diamagnetism induced with extra strong magnets can be used to produce
levitation.
MICHAEL FARADAY’S DISCOVERY OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC ROTATION
By 1831, Michael Faraday, the British scientist had
been working with magnets and electric current.
He found that by inducing an electric current on a
wire it obtained a magnetic force that could be
plotted as it changed at different point around the
wire. Further experimentation showed that if you
rotate the magnetized wire in a magnetic field a
current is produced, a process known as
electromagnetic induction. By combining the two
experiments he was able to change the amount of
voltage output from an electrical source. This work
led to the first generators, transformers and
electric motors.
AWARD’S NAME IN FARADAY’S HONOUR
In honor and remembrance of his great scientific
contributions, several institutions have created
prizes and awards in his name. This include:
• The IET Faraday Medal
• The Royal Society of London Michael Faraday
Prize
• The Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal
and Prize
• The Royal Society of Chemistry Faraday
Lectureship Prize
MEMBERS:
ROWENA CABLES
ELOISA CAPACIA
LORAINE ANTONETTE CUPO
PRECIOUS DANIELLE IRA LOPEZ
MARIANE DENISE MARUDO
NICOLE MENDOZA
RICH ANNE SANTOS
THANK YOU

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