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    Birth Injuries

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    MARIA JAVED BSN-FA20-022
    Birth injuries are physical injuries that can occur during childbirth and affect newborn babies, ranging from bruising to fractures. Common types include cephalohematoma (blood accumulation under the scalp) and subgaleal hemorrhage (bleeding under the scalp). Respiratory distress syndrome affects premature babies when their lungs are not fully developed, causing breathing difficulties. Surfactant therapy administers exogenous surfactant to premature babies to help their lungs process oxygen. Transient tachypnea of the newborn causes rapid breathing shortly after birth, usually resolving within 48 hours as the baby clears fetal lung fluid.

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    Birth Injuries

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    MARIA JAVED BSN-FA20-022
    40 views13 pages
    Birth injuries are physical injuries that can occur during childbirth and affect newborn babies, ranging from bruising to fractures. Common types include cephalohematoma (blood accumulation under the scalp) and subgaleal hemorrhage (bleeding under the scalp). Respiratory distress syndrome affects premature babies when their lungs are not fully developed, causing breathing difficulties. Surfactant therapy administers exogenous surfactant to premature babies to help their lungs process oxygen. Transient tachypnea of the newborn causes rapid breathing shortly after birth, usually resolving within 48 hours as the baby clears fetal lung fluid.

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    Birth injuries are physical injuries that can occur during childbirth and affect newborn babies, ranging from bruising to fractures. Common types include cephalohematoma (blood accumulation under the scalp) and subgaleal hemorrhage (bleeding under the scalp). Respiratory distress syndrome affects premature babies when their lungs are not fully developed, causing breathing difficulties. Surfactant therapy administers exogenous surfactant to premature babies to help their lungs process oxygen. Transient tachypnea of the newborn causes rapid breathing shortly after birth, usually resolving within 48 hours as the baby clears fetal lung fluid.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views13 pages

    Birth Injuries

    Uploaded by

    MARIA JAVED BSN-FA20-022
    Birth injuries are physical injuries that can occur during childbirth and affect newborn babies, ranging from bruising to fractures. Common types include cephalohematoma (blood accumulation under the scalp) and subgaleal hemorrhage (bleeding under the scalp). Respiratory distress syndrome affects premature babies when their lungs are not fully developed, causing breathing difficulties. Surfactant therapy administers exogenous surfactant to premature babies to help their lungs process oxygen. Transient tachypnea of the newborn causes rapid breathing shortly after birth, usually resolving within 48 hours as the baby clears fetal lung fluid.

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    Common Health problems in

    Pakistani children and their nursing


    managements
    Birth injuries
    Birth injuries are physical injuries experienced during
    childbirth, and can affect either the mother or the baby. In
    newborn babies, a birth injury (often called 'neonatal birth
    trauma') can include many things, from bruising to a broken
    bone.
    Cont.
    Swelling and bruising of the scalp is common but not serious
    and generally resolves within a few days.
    Scalp scratches can occur when instruments (such as monitor
    leads attached to the scalp, forceps , or vacuum extractor) are used
    during a vaginal delivery.
    Bleeding outside of the skull bones can lead to an accumulation
    of blood either above or below the thick fibrous covering
    (periosteum) of one of the skull bones.
    Cont .
     Cephalohematoma;

    A is blood accumulation below the periosteum. Cephalohematoma feel


    soft and can increase in size after birth. Cephalohematoma disappear on
    their own over weeks to months and almost never require any treatment.
    However, they should be evaluated by the pediatrician if they become red
    or start to drain liquid.
     Subgaleal hemorrhage;
    A is bleeding directly under the scalp above the periosteum covering the
    skull bones. Blood in this area can spread and is not confined to one area
    like a cephalohematoma. A subgaleal hemorrhage may result from the use
    of forceps or a vacuum extractor, or may result from a blood clotting
    problems.
    Scalp scratches  Cephalohematoma Subgaleal
    hemorrhage
    Conti.
    Fracture 

    A fracture of one of the bones of the skull may occur before or


    during the birth process. Unless the skull fracture forms an
    indentation (depressed fracture), it generally heals rapidly without
    treatment.
    Respirator distress syndrome
    Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) happens when a baby's lungs
    are not fully developed and cannot provide enough oxygen, causing breathing
    difficulties. It usually affects premature babies. It's also known as infant
    respiratory distress syndrome, hyaline membrane disease or surfactant
    deficiency lung disease.
    Symptoms

    Babies who have RDS may show these signs:


    Fast breathing very soon after birth.
    Grunting “ugh” sound with each breath.
    Changes in color of lips, fingers and toes.
    Widening (flaring) of the nostrils with each breath.
    Chest retractions - skin over the breastbone and ribs pulls in
    during breathing.
    Surfactants therapy
    Surfactant therapy is the medical administration of exogenous surfactant.
    Surfactants used in this manner are typically instilled directly into the trachea.
    When a baby comes out of the womb and the lungs are not developed yet, they
    require administration of surfactant in order to process oxygen and survive.
    Surfactant replacement therapy is a safe, effective and beneficial
    treatment as it significantly reduces respiratory morbidity (air leaks, pulmonary
    interstitial emphysema), ventilatory requirements and mortality in these
    neonates.
    Transient tachypnea of Newborn
    Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a breathing disorder
    seen shortly after delivery, most often in early term or late preterm
    babies. Transient means it is short-lived (most often less than 48
    hours). Tachypnea means rapid breathing (faster than most
    newborns, who normally breathe 40 to 60 times per minute)
    It is caused due to delay in clearance of fetal lung fluid after birth.
    The problem often goes away on its own. Treatment may
    include supplemental oxygen, blood tests, and continuous positive
    airway pressure (CPAP).
    Conti.
    Babies will often need help with nutrition until they are able to
    feed by mouth

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