Why?

What if?
 Aim
Aim
• To conduct a research about volcanoes.

Success Criteria
• To locate some of the major volcanoes on a world map.
•
Success Criteria
To describe the structure and working of a volcano.
•• Statement 1 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Impact of their existence on earth.
• Statement 2
• Impact on human life.
• Sub statement
• Case study of a volcano in Antarctica.
• To locate volcanos of other planets.
 Where Does the Word ‘Volcano’ Come
From?
Have you ever thought about why volcanoes are actually called
'volcanoes'? Can you think of a reason why?

The word 'volcano' comes from The island

the island ‘Vulcano’, which is a actually gets its
volcanic island in Italy. name from the
Roman god of
fire – Vulcan.

Vulcano, Italy.
 The Roman God of Fire
Roman mythology says that Vulcan lived in a volcano. As well as being
the god of fire, he made many weapons and forged them using metal
and fire. He was a very skilled blacksmith.

Romans believed that if

Vulcan was made angry, the
volcano would erupt. So
they tried their best to
please him and not anger
him.
 What Is Our Earth Made Of?
Click on the names to reveal the information.
The Outer Core
The outer core is a liquid layer
made out of molten iron and
nickel. This liquid metal creates
×
+ +
×
the earth's magnetic field.

×
+
The Mantle
The mantle is made of a solid, ×
+ The Crust
rocky substance called molten This is the outer layer of the
rock or magma. This is what earth. It is not even and is
escapes when a volcano erupts. made up of pieces which
overlap to cover the entire
planet. These pieces are
The Inner Core
called ‘tectonic plates’.
This is a solid layer and is made
of iron and nickel. It is the
hottest part of the earth and
can reach temperatures of up to
5500ºC!
A volcano is a mountain or hill with an
opening. When a volcano erupts, magma
is pushed up through the opening with
great force.
 Where Are Most Volcanoes Located?
The Ring of Fire
gets its name
from all the
volcanoes that lie
along this
belt. The ‘Ring of
Fire’ is an area
of the Pacific It contains a
Ocean that is string of 452
shaped like a volcanoes, which
Ring. It is home stretches from
to 90% of the the southern tip
world's of South America,
earthquakes and up along the coast
75% of the of North America,
world's down through
volcanoes. Japan, and into
New Zealand.
How Are Volcanoes Formed?

The upper mantle mixes and moves,

which creates pressure underneath
the crust. This pressure can
sometimes cause the mantle
to leak out onto the
surface of the earth
– this is a
volcano!
 The Three Stages of Volcanoes
Scientists have placed volcanoes in to three different categories.
What do you think each one is?

Active
An active volcano is one that has erupted recently, and there is the
possibility that it may erupt again.

Dormant
A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, however, it may
still erupt in the future.

Extinct
An extinct volcano is one which has erupted
thousands of years ago, but it will
probably never erupt again.
 Why Do Volcanoes Erupt?
We know that the earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called
tectonic plates. These fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and they
sometimes move.

The movement causes

friction which causes
earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions near the edges of
the plates. The theory that
explains this process is
called ‘plate tectonics’ –
.
 What Are the Different Parts of a
Volcano?
Click on the names to reveal the information.

vent ash cloud

A cloud of ash. It is
An opening in the crater
formed by volcanic
surface of the Earth
explosions The mouth of a volcano.
through which volcanic
It surrounds the vent.
materials, such as
magma, can escape. throat
conduit The entrance of a
volcano. It ejects lava
An underground A large underground and volcanic ash.
passage which magma pool of liquid rock
travels through. found beneath the
surface of the Earth.
magma reservoir
 How Many Volcanoes Are There?
There are more than 1500 active volcanoes on Earth. There are also
more than 80 volcanoes under the ocean, although these are just the
ones that have been discovered.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Mount St. Helens in Washington, USA is a composite volcano.

Composite Volcanoes
These volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes and are made up of lots of
layers of volcanic rocks. They usually erupt in an explosive way
because the magma in these volcanoes is quite sticky.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Sunset Crater in Arizona, USA is a cinder cone.

Cinder Cones
Cinder cones are circular or oval cones. They are made up of small
fragments of lava. They grow quickly, but are not usually very big.
They are not usually
dangerous either.
 What Types of Volcano Are There?
Shield Volcanoes like this one in Hawaii are common in this part of the world.

Shield Volcanoes
Shield volcanoes are bowl or shield-shaped in the middle. When they erupt, the
lava is quite runny and it travels long distances down the side of the volcano
before it cools down. This lava forms long, gentle slopes that look like a
warrior's shield, which is how they got their name. These volcanoes do not
often explode.
To be Continued…..
Case study of a volcano in Antarctica
Why volcanos are important for Earth?
Impact of volcanos on human life.
Are there Volcanos on other planets?
 Glossary
Forged: to have made or shaped a metal object using a fire or
furnace.

Molten: something made in to a liquid by heat.

Magma: hot fluid or semi-fluid below the earth's crust.

Friction: the resistance created when one surface rubs against

another.

Heat conductor: something which can transfer heat from one object
to another.

Archaeologist: someone who studies history using evidence from

fossils and artefacts.
 Source
Encyclopaedia of Volcanos:
Volcano facts and information - National Geographic
https://www.nationalgeographic.com › article › volcanoes

Acknowledgements:
My class teacher: Mrs. Akshita Munjal
My Keyboard mentor (Hobby club)
My swimming coach (Fitness club)
My mother (Greeting cards)
Physical Fitness
Swimming
When in doubt, swim it out!
Swimming- Fun and a life saving skill

Objective

Physical fitness
Overcome fear of water
learn a skill that can be used to
save lives
Equipments needed
Proper swimsuit
Swimming goggles
Swimming cap

Coach is must
 Basic Techniques
Stage -1 ( March –April)
Blowing bubbles floating

Coordination

Breathing Rhythm
Stage -2 ( May June)
Back Floating with
support

Free style without

breathing technique
 Stage -3 ( July-August)
Back swim without Free style with
support breathing rhythm
 Stage -3 ( July-August)
Back swim without Free style with
support breathing rhythm
 Next target

Diving

Building strength to complete one

full lap

Thank you!
Money Club
GREETING CARDS
 THE IDEA!

c a rd s f rom
n t s t o b uy
b ig am ou h la c k s in
People pa
y
rc h i es w hi c
n a m e s lik e A
banded r t t o m a ke
n a l t o u c h. n g f r om hea .
perso e g r e e ti e r p ri ce
e a i s t o mak a t t o o i n low
My Id me a n i ng f u l th
e s m o r e
wish
My brand logo
 LOGISTICS
Low initial investment, starts with ₹ 350 Reward money
for helping in household chores
Points taken care of:
Cost of raw material
Paper, color, glue, thread etc.

Time

Longer the time taken more is

the price

Advertisement
Digital/verbal marketing
 Business plan
Providing variety

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

Simple yet Detailed yet Embellished

elegant classic yet exquisite
₹30 ₹50 ₹80
 My business Spread sheet for
the months of July- August

Price to me Time in Selling Units

Product (cost price) making Price sold Amount
(approx.)

Category 1 ₹12 15 min. ₹30 13 390

Category 2 ₹18 30 min. ₹50 17 850

Category 3 ₹22 45 min. ₹80 8 740

PROFIT = TOTAL REVENUE - TOTAL COST PRICE

TOTAL SALES: 390 + 859 + 740 = ₹ 1980
TOTAL COSTS: 156 + 306 + 176 = ₹ 638
INITIAL INVESTMENT = ₹ 250
THEREFORE, MY NET PROFIT: 1980 – 638 -250 = ₹ 1092
 Scaling up!
Increase in variety like size variations, 3D card etc.

Customization options will be available

Add-on like: Tags, gift wraps, message cards

Seasonal discounts and offers
Work on order

Hiring help if sale goes up.

 Hobby
Playing the Keyboard!
Music brings us all so much happiness; it
really is very central to our lives. It’s
important to be given the chance to make
music because it can offer an emotional
and creative outlet.
 Why keyboard?
I’m always asked, ‘why Keyboard?’. You can never really know why you
inclined towards a particular instrument.

I just love the time when I play the keyboard. Every music has
its soul, and every music piece has its own emotion.

Facts that I came across while learning.

When one plays the keyboard, brain cells get activated and one gets
physical benefits apart from having fun.

While playing keyboard both of our hands perform different jobs at

the same time. This requires good coordination between our left and
right parts of the brain.
 How?
At first, self taught
then, a Private tutor

Duration/frequency of practice
Learning from 2 years, Once a week session.

Any time I feel like playing, I play.

Here are some of my favorite pieces....
THANK
YOU!
Sarah Ahmad V - C