LNG, LCNG and HCNG

An Overview
Agenda 01 Introduction

02 LNG

03 LCNG

04 HCNG

05 Market Trends and Future

06 Conclusion
Team Members
20BPE020- Shrey Simediya
20BPE041- Deep Khanapara
20BPE069- Kathan Panchal
20BPE023- Mohammad Ali
20BPE011- Lalji Panchal
20BPE053- Nirmal Makawana
20BPE048- Jatin Kamaliaya
20BPE036- Ruchil Suthar
20BPE031- Mohit Sharama
 Introduction
Definition of LNG
and LCNG
Importance of LNG and
LCNG in energy sector
Definition of HCNG
 Definition of LNG
Introduction and LCNG
LNG stands for Liquefied Natural Gas
and LCNG stands for Liquefied
Compressed Natural Gas. LNG is a
form of natural gas that has been
cooled to -162°C to reduce its volume
by around 600 times, making it easier
to transport and store. LCNG is a form
of compressed natural gas (CNG) that
has been liquefied to a greater degree
than LNG, resulting in a higher energy
density.
 Importance of LNG and LCNG in
Introduction energy sector
LNG and LCNG are considered cleaner energy
sources compared to fossil fuels such as coal
and oil, as they emit less carbon dioxide and
other air pollutants when burned. This makes
them a crucial part of the transition to a low-
carbon energy mix and a more sustainable
energy future.

Energy Security LNG and LCNG provide

countries with a secure source of energy, as
they can be imported from a variety of sources,
reducing the risk of supply disruptions. This
helps to mitigate energy dependence on a
single source or region and increase energy
security.
 Definition of HCNG
Introduction Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas
(HCNG) is a mixture of hydrogen and
compressed natural gas (CNG). HCNG is
produced by mixing hydrogen with CNG,
typically in a ratio of 5-20% hydrogen to 80-
95% CNG. HCNG is used as a fuel for
vehicles and is considered a clean fuel, as it
produces low emissions compared to
traditional fossil fuels. The use of HCNG in
the transportation sector is expected to grow
as countries focus on reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and transitioning to a low-
carbon energy mix.
 Liquefied Natural Gas

OVER VIEW
02 APPLICATIONS
Industrial Use,
What is Liquefied Natural Gas?
Process Of Liquefaction.
01 Communal and Residential Use,
Automotive Use

DISADVANTAGES OF LNG
04 High production & Infrastructure
cost, Environmental concerns,
Security concerns and other Risks.

ADVANTAGES OF LNG
Clean energy source, High Energy 03
density, Flexibility, Versatile, Safe
 What is Liquefied Natural Gas?
• Natural gas is primarily composed of Methane although it does contain
small amounts of other gases--ethane, propane, butane, and pentane.
Methane is composed of a molecule of one carbon atom and four
hydrogen atoms.
LNG

• LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to extreme temperatures that it
condenses to a liquid, Which is called the process of liquefaction.

• Volume is reduced 600 times – as liquid the volume of LNG is reduced

to 1/600 its gaseous state.

• Thus economical to transport locally and between continents in

specially designed ocean vessels in cryogenic ships or trucks.

• Liquefaction technology makes natural gas available throughout the

world.
 INDUSTRIAL
• The following are some of the primary uses that LNG can be put to in
an industrial setting

• Heating requirements (chemical and petrochemical industries,

metalworking, ceramics factories, foodstuffs, textiles, etc.)
LNG

• Replacement of traditional fuels used for the production of thermal

energy

• Back-up systems for users with special needs

• installations to accommodate an increased demand for electrical and

thermal energy

• Production plants for: Electrical Energy and Electrical + Thermal

Energy (Co-generation and Tri-generation)
 COMMUNAL & RESIDENTIAL
• Liquefied natural gas plants for civil use are facilities that process
natural gas for the purpose of supplying city grids or buildings that are
utilised for civil purposes.

• In portions of the city that are not serviced by a natural gas pipeline, the
LNG

city can be supplied with methane through the use of an LNG

regasification plant, thereby displacing the use of the fuels that are now
in use (LPG or Propane-Air).

• CPL CONCORDIA provided the civilian hospital in Vallo della Lucania,

Salerno with an LNG regasification satellite plant so that it could fuel its
central heating plant. These buildings are intended for civil usage.
 AUTOMOTIVE FUEL
• At this time, practically all gas stations in Italy that are located in close
proximity to distribution grids or pipelines are outfitted with capabilities to
refuel natural gas-powered vehicles.

• LNG also makes it feasible for gas stations located in peripheral locations to
LNG

have natural gas systems in both gaseous and liquid form. This enables gas
stations to provide methane engines with a large supply network comparable
to that of traditional fuels.

• Compressed methane, or L-CNG, can be dispensed at stations that are

equipped with systems for dispensing liquid methane.

• On the other hand, liquid methane, or L-LNG, can be dispensed at stations

that are equipped with systems for dispensing compressed methane.

• L-LNG can be used to fuel heavy road vehicles and buses of the most recent
generation that are equipped with a cryogenic on-board tank.
 ADVANTAGES OF LNG
• Clean energy source: LNG is a clean-burning fuel that releases fewer pollutants
and greenhouse gas emissions than other fossil fuels such as coal and oil.

• High energy density: The liquefaction process increases the energy density of
natural gas, making it more efficient to transport and store.
LNG

• Flexibility: LNG can be transported by a variety of methods, including ships,

trucks, and pipelines, making it a versatile fuel source.

• Safe: Being lighter than air, in the event of accidental spillage Liquefied Natural
Gas is immediately dispersed in the atmosphere, contrary to what happens with
LPG. In addition, LNG is neither toxic nor corrosive.

• Versatile: Thanks to its ease of transport and the ability to store large quantities
of energy in compact volumes, LNG is a fuel that can also be used in locations
not reached by the natural gas distribution grid or a gas pipeline.
 DISADVANTAGES & RISK OF LNG
• High cost of production and infrastructure: The liquefaction process and the
required storage and transportation infrastructure are expensive.

• The extreme low temperatures (-162°C), requiring special materials for

storage as most materials become brittle and lose strength, Hence more
LNG

cost.

• The need for more storage space of up to 150% of fuel oil storage space

• Environmental concerns: LNG production and transportation can have significant

environmental impacts, including air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and
greenhouse gas emissions.

• LNG emits about as much greenhouse gas (GHG) as coal, More recent
studies have shown LNG and coal to have closer overall emissions, and LNG
sometimes being even more emitting than coal. In part, this is due to the
huge amounts of methane that leak into the atmosphere while making and
transporting LNG.
 DISADVANTAGES & RISK OF LNG
• The dangers of leaks to staff, both due to the extreme cold and the risk of
suffocation (the gas is odorless and colorless, making detection virtually
impossible)

• Strict separation of gas and air – burning methane can only be extinguished by
LNG

removing either the oxygen or the methane

• As venting to air is not an option, a means to deal with boil off gas (BOG) is
require.

• The main risk is ‘BLEVE’: boiling liquid/expanding vapour explosion. BLEVE is

caused by a rupture in a storage facility, as the decreased internal pressure
results in the liquid starting to evaporate rapidly and the valve capacity cannot
handle to volume of gas. The risk is best managed through design, maintenance
and procedures.

• Last but not least, new build costs for LNG Fueled vessels are much more
expensive.
Liquefied Compressed Natural Gas

Overview of LCNG

Advantages over LNG

Application
 Overview of LCNG
• LCNG, or Liquified Compressed Natural Gas, is a mixture of compressed
natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). LCNG is produced by
cooling and compressing natural gas to a temperature at which it condenses
LCNG
into a liquid state. The resulting product is a highly pressurized, low-volume
fuel that is easy to store and transport.

• LCNG is used in a variety of applications, including transportation, power

generation, and industrial use. It is considered a clean fuel, as it produces
lower emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels such as gasoline and
diesel.

• In the transportation sector, LCNG is used as a fuel for vehicles, including

cars, trucks, and buses. It is also used as a fuel in the power generation
sector, where it is burned to generate electricity. In industrial applications,
LCNG is used as a fuel source for heating and cooling.
 Advantages over LNG
• Higher energy density : LCNG has a higher energy density than LNG, this
make it more cost-effective and efficient to transport and store, as it require
less space for storage and transportation.
LCNG

• Lower emissions: LCNG is a cleaner-burning fuel than traditional fossil

fuels, producing fewer emissions and reducing the impact on the
environment.

Application
• LCNG is used primarily as a fuel for natural gas vehicles (NGVs), as it has a
higher energy density than traditional LNG, making it a more cost-effective
fuel for vehicles.
• It is also used as a source of energy for power generation, as a source of
heat, and as a fuel for industrial processes
Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas

What Is HCNG?

Benefits Of HCNG
Production And
Transportation
Applications
 What Is HCNG?
HCNG stands for Hydrogen
Compressed Natural Gas. It is a fuel
that is made from a mixture of
HCNG
hydrogen and natural gas, and is used
as an alternative to traditional fuels
such as diesel and gasoline. It is clean
burning, and has the potential to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases
and air pollutants.HCNG is a viable
alternative to traditional fuels, as it is
more efficient and has a lower carbon
footprint. It is also cost-effective, as it
can be produced from renewable
sources such as solar and wind energy.
Additionally, HCNG can be used in
existing infrastructure, making it
easy to implement.
 Benefits of HCNG
The use of HCNG as a fuel has many benefits. It is a clean burning fuel,
which means it does not produce harmful emissions. This makes it a great
alternative to traditional fuels, as it is better for the environment.
Additionally, HCNG is more efficient than traditional fuels, meaning it can
HCNG
provide more power for the same amount of fuel. HCNG is also cost-
effective, as it can be produced from renewable sources such as solar and
wind energy. This means that it can be used to reduce energy costs, as
well as reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants.

Production And Transportation

HCNG is produced using the same process as LNG and LCNG, with the
addition of higher compression to increase its energy density. This allows
for the storage and transportation of more energy in a smaller volume,
making it an efficient fuel for NGVs..
 Applications
HCNG is used primarily as a fuel for NGVs, as it has the highest energy
density of any form of natural gas. This makes it a cost-effective alternative
to gasoline and diesel fuel, as well as a more environmentally friendly fuel
HCNG
choice. It is also used as a source of energy for power generation, as a
source of heat, and as a fuel for industrial processes.

HCNG can be used as a fuel for power generation in both large-scale

power plants and small, decentralized power systems. The high energy
density of HCNG allows for the storage and transportation of more energy
in a smaller volume, making it a cost-effective and efficient fuel choice for
power generation.

HCNG can be used as a fuel for industrial processes, such as heating and
cooling, where natural gas is required as an energy source. The high
energy density of HCNG allows for the efficient use of energy in these
processes, reducing fuel costs and emissions compared to traditional fossil
fuels.
Market Trends and Future Prospects of LNG and LCNG

Indian Market
Scenario
Market growth and
opportunities
Global demand and
production
Future outlook and projections
Indian Market Scenario
LNG
• India has 7 LNG import terminals.
• Qatar the biggest exporter.
• PLL is biggest player of LNG. In India.
• In India there are nearly 300 LNG filling stations

LCNG
• There are four LCNG stations in India.
• AG&P Pratham gas is the biggest player in this
segment by 2 LCNG stations.

HCNG
• In Delhi, the HCNG station started in 2021 for
government buses.
• Hydrogen & its blending is costlier so talks are
going to give subsidy on it.
 Market growth and opportunities
The LNG and LCNG market is expected to continue growing, driven by
increasing demand for clean energy, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, and the need for energy security. There are several growth
opportunities in the LNG and LCNG market, including the increasing use of
HCNG
LNG as a shipping fuel, the growth of the natural gas vehicle market, and
the increasing use of LNG in power generation.

Global demand and production

The demand for LNG and LCNG is increasing globally, driven by factors
such as the need for cleaner energy sources, energy security, and access
to remote areas. In recent years, the growth in the global LNG market has
been driven by rising demand in Asia, particularly in China and India.
 Future outlook and projections
The global LNG and LCNG market is expected to grow at a significant rate
in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for clean energy, efforts
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the need for energy security.
According to some industry experts, the global LNG and LCNG market
HCNG
could reach over $250 billion by 2027, with a CAGR of more than 5%
during the forecast period.
 Conclusion

Summary of key points

Final thoughts and
recommendations
Q&A session
 Summary of key points
The LNG and LCNG markets are growing, driven by increasing demand for
Conclusion
clean energy, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the need
for energy security. The market is expected to continue growing in the
coming years, driven by advances in technology, new regulations, and
increasing demand.

Final thoughts and recommendations

The LNG and LCNG markets offer significant growth opportunities,
particularly in the transportation and power generation sectors. Companies
involved in the LNG and LCNG markets should focus on developing new
technologies, expanding into new markets, and responding to regulatory
changes.
THANK YOU