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    Host-Parasite Interaction 2

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    joganks
    The document discusses the complex relationships between microorganisms and their human hosts. It describes how microbes normally live in symbiosis with the body, colonizing different sites without causing harm. These normal flora provide benefits, while the host immune system keeps them in check. However, microbes can also invade tissues and cause disease if able to evade defenses or if the host becomes susceptible. The document outlines the usual microbial communities found at different body sites like the skin, oral cavity, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and genitourinary system.

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    Host-Parasite Interaction 2

    Uploaded by

    joganks
    12 views17 pages
    The document discusses the complex relationships between microorganisms and their human hosts. It describes how microbes normally live in symbiosis with the body, colonizing different sites without causing harm. These normal flora provide benefits, while the host immune system keeps them in check. However, microbes can also invade tissues and cause disease if able to evade defenses or if the host becomes susceptible. The document outlines the usual microbial communities found at different body sites like the skin, oral cavity, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and genitourinary system.

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    The document discusses the complex relationships between microorganisms and their human hosts. It describes how microbes normally live in symbiosis with the body, colonizing different sites without causing harm. These normal flora provide benefits, while the host immune system keeps them in check. However, microbes can also invade tissues and cause disease if able to evade defenses or if the host becomes susceptible. The document outlines the usual microbial communities found at different body sites like the skin, oral cavity, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and genitourinary system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views17 pages

    Host-Parasite Interaction 2

    Uploaded by

    joganks
    The document discusses the complex relationships between microorganisms and their human hosts. It describes how microbes normally live in symbiosis with the body, colonizing different sites without causing harm. These normal flora provide benefits, while the host immune system keeps them in check. However, microbes can also invade tissues and cause disease if able to evade defenses or if the host becomes susceptible. The document outlines the usual microbial communities found at different body sites like the skin, oral cavity, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and genitourinary system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Lalu Yan Hidayat

    Introduction
    • The relationship between two organism can be very complex.
    • The normal flora present in its normal site in human body provides
    some benefits to the host they live in the perfect symbiosis in their
    natural habitate.

    HOST PATHOGEN

    Host’s immune system


    Microbal faktor inherent
    • Describes the origin of the indigenous (resident) microbial biota
    (microbiota) and the composition at different body sites.
    • Discusses the virulence factors that contribute to the invasiveness of
    organisms, protective mechanisms the host employs, and how
    microbes are able to evade the host’s defenses.
    • Describes factors that can make the host more susceptible to
    infections and how microbes are transmitted.
    Origin of Microbial Biota
    • Colonization is growth of microbiota in or on a body site without the
    production of damage or notable symptoms.
    Symbiosis
    • Symbiosis is define as “life together”. i.e. that two organisms live in an
    association with one another.
    • Mutualism : Symbiosis as a biological relationship between two or
    more organisms where both (host and organism) benefit from one
    another. Example : lactobacilli
    • Comensalism : In the relationship where the organism benefits but
    there is no beneficial or harmful effect on the host, the association
    between organisms. Example : Proteus Mirabilis
    • Parasitism : The relationship may be in which one organism damage
    the other. Example : Entamoeba Hystolytica
    Characteristics of Microbial Biota

    • Indigenous microbiota : Microorganisms that are commonly found on


    or in body sites of healthy persons are called normal.
    • Resident microbiota : Microorganisms that colonize an area for
    months or years
    • Transient microbiota.
    Factors That Determine the Composition of the Usual Microbial
    Biota

    • Nutrient
    • Environment
    Normal Microbiota of the Skin
    • Normal skin has numerous mechanisms to prevent infection and
    protect the underlying tissue from invasion by potential pathogens.
    • Fatty acid
    • Lysozyme by sweat gland
    • Desquamation of the epithelium
    • The composition of the microbiota on the skin depends on the activity
    of the sebaceous or sweat glands
    • Organism concentrate the most in areas that are moist, such as the
    armpit, groin, and perineum. The apocrine sweat glands in these
    areas secrete substances metabolized by the skin bacteria, releasing
    odorous amines
    Normal Microbiota of the Oral Cavity
    • The mouth contains large numbers of bacteria, with Streptococcus
    being the predominant genus.
    Normal Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

    upper mouth, nasopharynx,


    oropharynx, and larynx

    • Respiratory tract

    lower trachea, bronchi, and


    pulmonary parenchyma
    The trachea, bronchi, and lungs are protected by the
    action of ciliary epithelial cells and by the movement of
    mucus. The tissues of these structures are normally
    sterile as a result of this protective action
    The trachea, bronchi, and lungs are protected by the action of
    ciliary epithelial cells and by the movement of mucus. The
    tissues of these structures are normally sterile as a result of this
    protective action
    Normal Microbiota of the Gastrointestinal Tract
    Normal Microbiota of the Genitourinary
    Tract

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