MARKSMANSHIP

AND
COMBAT SHOOTING
 Cardinal Rules of Gun Safety
  Always treat every gun as if it were loaded.
 Always point your firearm in a safe direction
unless defending yourself or others.
 Always keep your finger off of the trigger and
up on the frame until you are ready to fire.
 Always be sure of your target and what is
beyond it.
A. Legal Definition

Firearm includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns,

pistols, revolvers, and all other deadly weapons from which
bullet, balls, shots, shells or other missiles

The barrel of any fire arm is considered a “complete

firearm” for all purposes.
B. Technical Definition

Firearm is an instrument used for the

propulsion of projectiles by means of expansive
force of gases coming from burning powder.
KINDS OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO GUN BARREL
INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION

 1.Smooth-bore Firearms are firearms that have no rifling (lands

and grooves) inside the gun barrel.
Ex: shotguns, liberator and musket.

 2.Rifled-bore Firearms are firearms that have rifling inside the gun
barrel.
Ex: pistols, revolvers and other weapon.
KINDS OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO GUN BARREL
INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION
 1.Artillery includes firearms that propel projectiles one (1) inch and
more in diameter.
Ex. Cannons, mortars, bazookas.

 2.Small arms are firearms that propel projectiles less than one (1)
inch in diameter.
Ex: machine guns, shoulder arms, and hand guns.
TYPES OF MACHINE GUN

 1.Recoil-operated – a type of machine gun devised with a

recoil spring that is responsible in forcing the breechblock
move forward causing another cartridge to be loaded only
after the breechblock moves rearward and empty shell is
extracted upon firing.
TYPES OF MACHINE GUN

 2.Gas-operated – a type of machine gun equipped with gas at

the anterior portion of the barrel.
 3.Recoil and Gas-operated – this is the combination of the recoil
and gas operated machine gun as shown in the pictures below.
KINDS OF FIREARM ACCORDING TO LOADING
MACHINE
 1.Bolt Action Rifle – this is a type of firearm action in which the
weapons bolt is operated manually by the opening and closing of
the breech (barrel) with a small handle, most commonly placed on
the right-hand side of the weapon.
KINDS OF FIREARM ACCORDING TO LOADING
MACHINE
 2.Lever Action Rifle – this is a type of firearm action which uses a
lever located around the trigger guard area to load fresh cartridges
into the chamber of the barrel when the lever is worked as shown in
the pictures below.
KINDS OF FIREARM ACCORDING TO LOADING
MACHINE
 3.Slide/Pump Action Rifle – loading takes place by back and
forth manipulation of the under forearm of the gun as shown
in the pictures below.
KINDS OF FIREARM ACCORDING TO LOADING
MACHINE
 4.Automatic Rifle – after the first shot is fired, automatic loading or
feeding of the chamber takes place as shown in the pictures below.
KINDS OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO FIRING
MECHANISM
 1.Single Shot – is a firearm that releases single projectile when
trigger is squeezed.
 2.Repeating – is a firearm that automatically reloads and ready for
next firing.
 3.Semi-automatic – is a firearm that can be set into semi-automatic
and is capable of releasing projectiles when trigger is pressed.
 4.Automatic – is a firearm that can release projectiles in a single
press of trigger.
Kinds of Firearms According to Loading Mechanism

 1.Muzzle Loading Mechanism is a firearm wherein loading of

ammunition is done in the muzzle of the firearm.

 2.Breech Loading Mechanism is a firearm wherein loading is done

in the breech of the firearm.
TWO GROUPS OF FIREARMS

 1.Long Arms or Shoulder Arms

 2.Short Arms or Handguns

1.Long Arms or Shoulder Arms

◦ A. Rifle. Any firearm having the interior of its barrel rifled, that is,
engraved with spiral grooves so as to give spin to a projectile as it
is fired.
Ex: M16, Garrand, M14.

B. Musket. A long-barreled gun fired from the shoulder with a

smoothbore barrel that lacks the interior spiral grooves , known
as rifling which is seen in modern firearms.
◦ C. Shotgun. A handheld, shoulder-supported smoothbore
weapon designed primarily to discharge multiple projectiles (small
round pellets/shots each time it is fired.
Ex: Gauge 10,12, 16, 20, and 28.

D. Carbine. A light, short-barreled rifle, Caliber. 30. It is generally,

a smaller caliber, and has a more limited range.
Ex: M-1, M1A1, M-2, M-3.
Short Arms or Handguns

 A. Pistol. A short barreled handgun designed to fire a single

projectile through a rifled-bore for every press of the trigger. It is
usually applied to semi-automatic loading. Pistols include Cal. 45,
9mm, Cal. 380, Cal. 32, etc.

 B. Revolver. A hand firearm equipped with a rotating cylinder,

serving as magazine and successively places a cartridge into
position for firing.
Ex: Cal. 22, Cal. 357, Magnum 44, Magnum 50, etc.
The Caliber.45 M1911A1
Rear Sight Slide Front Sight
Ejection port
Hammer

Safety Lock Barrel

Trigger Guard

Hand Grip
Trigger

The Caliber.45 M1911A1 which is popularly called as

Caliber.45 is one of the handguns that is mostly used today
because of its advantages to the law enforcer or user.
Disassembly and Assembly

 General. Disassembly and Assembly operations should be carried

out by the user for routine maintenance of the pistol.

 Caution. Before disassembling the pistol, check that it has no

magazine and has no live ammunition.
Disassembling the Pistol

 1. With the unloaded pistol, move safety to the “fire” position and
manually move the hammer to the cooked position;
 2. Push the slide slightly to the rear until the mark at the end of the
slide is just above the mark on the frame;
 3. While holding the pistol in that position, remove the slide catch
lever by pushing the pin of the lever on the opposite side of the
frame;
 4. Pull the slide from the frame;
 5. Remove the recoil spring assembly from its housing under the
barrel;
 6. Remove the barrel from the slide.
Assembling the Pistol
 1. Insert the barrel into the slide to its innermost locked position;
 2. Insert the recoil spring assembly by manually pressing down towards the
barrel, making it sure that it is securely fit into the bottom lug of the barrel;
 3. Make sure that the hammer is in cocked position;
 4. Mount the slide on the frame and push it to the rear until the marks are in
line, one above the other, then insert the slide catch pin until it snaps into the
place;
 5. Check correct pistol operation cy cocking it; and
 6. Check trigger and hammer operation and verify that safety is functioning
properly and safely.
 Front Sight
Rear Sight

The GLOCK 17 GEN

4 Cylinder

Barrel
Trigger

Hand Grip

Trigger Guard

The GLOCK 17 GEN 4 is still in use today as one of the firearms

issued to the members of the PNP.
The Israel Galil and Emtam 5.56

The Israel Galil and Emtam 5.56 is newly acquired FA of

PNP.
CYCLE OF OPERATION OF M16

 1. Firing occurs when the firing pin strikes the primer of the
cartridge.
 2. Unlocking is the unsealing of the breach of the barrel.
 3. Extracting is the removing of the empty cartridge from the
weapon.
 4. Ejecting is the removing of the firing mechanism to cock
position.
 5. Cocking is the returning of the firing mechanism cock
position
 6. Feeding occurs when the cartridge is placed in the receiver.
 7. Chambering is the placing of the cartridge in the chamber.
 8. Locking is the sealing of the cartridge in the chamber.
The Shotgun

A Shotgun is also known as a scattergun and peppergun,

or historical as a fowling piece. A shotgun is generally a
smoothbore firearm, which means that the inside of the barrel is
not rifled.
Ammunition is also called Cartridge and Round. Ammunition is
also composed of a bullet, cartridge case/shell/casing, primer and
gunpowder.

Cartridge Case
Cartridge case is also called as bullet case/casing/hell. It is a
tubular metallic container of the gunpowder.
PARTS OF CARTRIDGE CASE

 1.Rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded,

stamped or pressed around the bottom of a cartridge.

 2.Primer Pocket holds primer securely in central position.

 3.Vent or Flash Hole is in the web or bottom of the primer pocket

through which the primer flash provides ignition to the power
charge.
 4.Head and Body constitute the corks that plug the breech of the
barrel against the escape of the gas.

 5.Neck is the part of the cartridge case that is occupied by the

bullet.

 6.Cannelures are the serrated grooves that are sometimes found

rolled into the necks and bodies of the cases at the location of the
bases of the bullet to prevent the bullet from being pushed back or
loosened.

 7.Crimp is the part of the mouth of a case that is turned in upon the
bullet.
 8.Base is the bottom portion of the case which holds the primer
containing the priming mixture and the shell head containing the
head stamp, caliber and the year of manufacture.

 9.Shoulder is the portion which supports the neck.

 10.Extracting Groove is the circular groove near the base of the

shell designed for the automatic withdrawal of the case after each
firing.
TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO TYPE OF
FIREARMS
 1. Revolver Cartridges
 2. Pistol Cartridges
 3. Rifle Cartridges
 4. Shotgun Cartridges

TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO

LOCATION PRIMER

 1. Needle-fire Cartridges
 2. Pin-fire Cartridges
 3. Rim-fire Cartridges
 4. Center-fire Cartridges
TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO SHAPE

 Straight shell which is used for handguns.

 Tapered shell which is used for rifles.
 Bottleneck shell which is used for rifles such as M16, M14, etc..

A.Straight B.Tampered C.BottleNeck

TYPES OF CARTRIDGE CASE ACCORDING TO RIM

 Rimmed Shell has protruding rim at the base which is used by

revolvers.
 Semi-rimmed Shell has slightly protruding rim which is also used
for handguns.
 Rimless Shell has the same measurement as to the diameter of
the rim and body of shell.

B.Semi-rimmed
A.Rimmed C.Rimless
THE BULLET

Bullet – is the projectile propelled through the barrel of a firearm by

means of the expansive force of gases coming from burning
gunpowder.

A bullet is a projectile propelled by a firearm, sling or air gun.

THE SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE
A Shotgun shell or shotshell is a self-contained cartridge
loaded with the lead shot or a shotgun slug which is designed to be
fired from a shotgun.

THE GUNPOWDER

Gunpowder is also called “propellant/ powder charge”.

When gun powder is ignited by the primer flash, it is
converted to heated gas under high pressure and propels the
bullet or shots charge through the barrel and to the target.
SHOT SHELL ANATOMY

1. Rim
2. Brass Head
3. Shell Case
4. Wad
5. Shots
6. Primer
7. Gunpowder

SHOTGUN MODERN CARTRIDGE AS

ALTERNATIVE SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE

1. Primer
2. Gunpowder
3. Wad
4. Slug Casing
5. Slug
6. Flechette
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 END