GROUP 2

HISTORY OF
EDUCATION
In
Roman and
Arabic Period
Roman Period
750 B.C.- A.D. 450
Education in the Roman time
Education in the early years of ancient Rome
were rather informal. It was usually the
responsibility of the fathers to teach their
children all that they needed to know. From
the comfort of their homes, children were
taught the basics: reading, writing, and
arithmetic. The goal was for children to be
able to understand simple business
transactions, as well as have the ability to
count, weigh and measure (Shelton, p. 100).
▫ The Romans education was based on the classical Greek tradition
but infused with Roman politics, cosmology, and religious beliefs.
▫ The only children to receive a formal education were the children
of the rich. The very rich families employed a private tutor to teach
their children. Those that could not afford to do this used either
slaves or sent their children to a private school.
▫ Boys and girls did not receive the same education.

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 Roman Teaching Techniques
Roman education was very different to ours today - they considered
different skills to be important. Lessons focussed on repetition and
memorisation, as well as building good character. Morals were
important throughout - first copying, then learning, then bringing
them into speeches. Oratory was highly important, and more senior
students were often given a scenario from history and told to
develop a speech or argument.

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Stages of
Education
ELEMENTARY MIDDLE SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL Ages 12-15 +16+
Teacher = grammaticus
Teacher = rhetor
▫ Ages 7-1 Greek and Roman
▫ Teacher = litterator grammar and literature Basic subjects, plus
▫ Children learned public speaking
▫ More advanced writing
reading, writing and and arithmetic ▫ Prepared upper-class
simple arithmetic boys for a life in the
▫ Prepared them for public eye, in politics,
marriage (girls) or the law courts or the
basic work (boys)

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Educational
Goal
▫ To develop sense of civic ▫ To produce students
responsibility for republic who would go out into
and then empire; to the world and be
develop administrative leaders in their
and military skills. respective professions.

▫ The goal of education in

ancient Rome was to be
an effective speaker.

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Curriculum
▫ Reading, writing, arithmetic, Laws of Twelve Tables,
law, philosophy

What was on the Roman curriculum?

▫ A massive amount of time was focused on both the Latin
and Greek languages, grammar and public speaking.
Subjects such as arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and
liberal arts also featured. Memorising and reciting filled
a lot of a student’s time and this method was used at
every level of education.

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 Ancient Roman Curriculum
Boys of wealthy parents were tutored in mythology, Greek language, literature
and rhetoric. Girls generally did not receive an education, and when they did it
was by private tutors who came to their homes. At Greek gymnasiums students
studied the “seven liberal arts” (arithmetic, music, geometry, astronomy,
grammar, dialectic (logic) and rhetoric). Romans adopted a similar
curriculum. ”The ordinary education of a boy was supposed to include music,
gymnastics, and geometry. Under music was included Greek and Latin
literature, under geometry what little was known in science. The subjects for
education above what might be called the grammar school were oratory and
the philosophers.

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Agents
▫ Private schools and teachers; schools of rhetoric

SCHOOLS IN ANCIENT ROME

▫ As a rule schools as we know them today didn’t exist in
the Roman era and there was no free public education.
Education for the most part was in the hands of scholarly
people, known as “pedagogues,” who set themselves up as
schoolmasters in private houses and enrolled pupil
boarders. In most cases a "school" consisted of a single
teacher who taught all the subjects.

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Influences on
Western ▫ Emphasis on ability to use education for practical
Education administrative skills; relating education to civic
responsibility

5 Impacts the Roman Empire Had On Education

1. Preschool
- In Ancient Rome, as schools took off in popularity they
invented “Ludi” which means play. These were the
earliest schools for children to learn how to socialize and
learn only the basics.

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 2. Words
- Hundreds of words in the English language have a root word that is Latin, the language
spoken during the Roman Empire. They’ve also given us this alphabet we use. (Only J
and U would be added at a later date.)
3. Dedicated Teachers
- Probably the biggest innovation the Roman educational system made was introducing
professional teachers instead of leaving education to priests and scribes the way most
other ancient societies did.
4. Separate School Buildings
Schooling in most other ancient cultures took place in temples but Rome, as well as some
Greek states before it, introduced the idea of a separate and dedicated schooling
building, i.e., a school.

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 5. Mandatory Education
A major improvement that Rome pioneered was mandatory schooling up to a certain
level. The breaking up of education on certain levels isn’t all that unique as most other
cultures at the time had also done the same. What’s different was that Rome made the
few lower levels of education a must for everyone.

6. Multidisciplinary Focuses
This seems like a no-brainer today, but most ancient societies used school to teach
everyone the same things – math, some arts and philosophies, religion, and whatever
science the culture at the time had uncovered. From there, the citizens of said societies
learned crafts, trades, and professions they wanted from other professionals or on their
own, not from school.

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 1
Arabic Period
A.D. 700-A.D. 1350
Educational
Goal ▫ To cultivate religious commitment to Islamic beliefs: to
develop expertise in mathematics, medicine, and science.

The Arabic language has three terms for education: ta’līm,

Tarbiyah, Ta’dīb.
▫ Acquiring intellectual knowledge, Developing spiritual
knowledge
▫ “Seeking knowledge is mandatory for all Muslims.”
▫ Education of children is not limited to the information and
facts they are expected to learn.

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Curriculum

▫ Reading, writing, mathematics, religious literature;

scientific studies

▫ Islamic Concept of Curriculum

▫ Muslim scholars have made serious endeavors to
define the concept of Islamic education and then to
develop a genuine Islamic education model based on
the basic tenets of aqidat al-tawheed (principle of
faith).

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▫ This reformation of education has envisioned to produce the newMuslim
generation, which is capable of fulfilling its role askhalifatullah (vicegerent
of God).
▫ This reformation of education has envisioned to produce the newMuslim
generation, which is capable of fulfilling its role as khalifatullah (vicegerent
of God)i.e. responsible for the development and maintenance of civilization
and its resources.
▫ In another word, Islamic education is obliged to deal with the overall
development of the individual, i.e. spiritual, intellectual, imaginative,
physical, scientific, linguistic, both individually and collectively.

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▫ Islamic Concept of Curriculum• A newly integrated Islamic
curriculum and subject matter for contemporary Islamic schools
need to be devised to promote Islamic Identity solidarity for the
Ummah.
▫ It is for the need of the young generations to beinstilled with
pure Islamic values and beliefs fromthe beginning in a very
comprehensive, critical and creative manner by using newly
revised integrated and dynamic approach to education.

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Curriculum

“Maktab” — basic Arabic reading and writing, arithmetic,

and Islamic laws.
“Madrasa” — religious sciences, Arabic, and secular
studies such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, history,
and geography, among many other topics.
▫ “ijaza” — a license certifying that they have completed
that program and are qualified to teach it as well.

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Purpose of an Islamic curriculum is:
1. To include an Islamic perspective in the curriculum, which reflects
the contribution of Islam and Muslims to civilization
2. To ensure that all students gain knowledge and understanding of
the Islamic legacy
3. To unify the educational system by removing "the dualism of
sacred and secular from education”
4. To prevent Muslims being influenced by "Godless ideologies".

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 Our main source of Islamic Integration

Quran Sunnah

Integrate into lessons relevant references from the

Qur’an and Sunnah.

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Agents
▫ Mosques; court schools

▫ The English word “mosque” denotes a Muslim house of

worship. The word evolved from the Arabic term
masjid, which means “place of prostration.” During
prayer, Muslims briefly kneel and touch their foreheads
to the ground as a sign of submission (literally, Islam)
to the will of God. The Origin of the Mosque.

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Want big impact?
Use big image.

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Mosques are a symbol of the greatness of Islam that acts as an important
community institution in the development of ummah (community). The first
thing that Prophet Muhammad does after relocating to Medina is building a
mosque. To define a mosque, it is mostly seen as a place for human gathering to
perform activities that denote their devotion and submission to Allah. Mosques
also act as an institution or madrasah (school) to produce a quality human
capital that is based on the tauhid (monotheism) of Islam, the manner of life
proposed by al-Quran and hadiths, the Islamic morality as well as the actions
and activities that project kindness. The responsibility of promoting positive
values and changes in a community is on the institution of mosque

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Influences
on Western
Education Arabic numerals and computation; re-entry of classical
materials on science and medicine

Arabic numerals are the numbers that people around the

world use in mathematics today: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 0. They were originally developed in India and
Arabic countries before being adopted in Europe and
other parts of the world.

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▫ A prominent traditional healing system in the world, Traditional Arabic
& Islamic Medicine (TAIM), refers to healing practices, beliefs, and
philosophy incorporating herbal medicines, spiritual therapies, dietary
practices, mind-body practices, and manual techniques, applied
singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose, and prevent illnesses
and/or maintain well-being. Despite remarkable advancements in
orthodox medicine, traditional medicine has been practiced in the
Middle East since ancient times. For those dealing with ailments such as
infertility, psychosomatic troubles and depression, TAIM is often the
first choice of treatments.

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Thank You for ▫ Group 2
Listening! ▫ Reynald Torado
Any questions? ▫ Mary Joy Paloma
▫ Jerich Orito
▫ Camille Kirong
▫ Ivy Melorin

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Credits
Special thanks to all the people who
made and released these awesome
resources for free:
▫ Presentation template by
SlidesCarnival
▫ Photographs by Google Image
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