PSYCHOLOGY

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCE

WHAT IS
PSYCHOLOGY?

is the scientific study of mind and 
behavior. Psychology includes the study
of conscious and unconscious phenomena,
including feelings and thoughts. It is an
academic discipline of immense scope,
crossing the boundaries between the natural
 and social sciences
 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGIST?

A psychologist is someone who studies the mind and

behavior. While people often think of talk therapy when
they hear the word psychologist, this profession actually
encompasses a wide range of specialty areas, including
such things as animal research and organizational
behavior.

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WHERE DOES PSYCHOLOGY COME FROM?

The earliest origins of psychology are in the writings of the ancient

Greek philosophers, particularly Aristotle. They wrote about the
nature of life. Aristotle used the word “psyche” to refer to the
essence of life. This word is translated from the Greek word meaning
“mind,” but is closely linked in meaning to the word “breath.”
The word “psychology” comes from the combination of words
“psyche” and “logos,” which means “the study of.” Combined, they
refer to “the study of the mind.” Aristotle believed that in addition to
thinking about things, one must observe the thing being studied—
look at it, listen to it, touch it. A modern addition to this concept,
when studying human beings, has been to ask the person what he
or she is doing and why.
TYPES/BRANCH
OF
PSYCHOLOGY

1. BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY
Behavior psychology aims to understand
the most basic form of human actions. .
 2. Biopsychology

Biopsychology studies biological factors that

may affect the brain and human behavior.

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3. Clinical psychology

Clinical psychology, also called psychopathology or abnormal

psychology, is the study and treatment of mental illness.
 4. Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology involves understanding how

individuals think, including how they perceive their
environment, form memories, recall information,
use language and solve problems.

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5. Community psychology

Community psychologists research

health issues to educate society and
create programs that help prevent wide-
reaching issues from occurring. For
instance, they might find solutions to
environmental problems or political
disputes.

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 6. Comparative psychology

Comparative psychology examines the

similarities and differences between the
behavior of humans and that of their animal
counterparts.

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 7. Consumer psychology

Consumer or marketing psychology is the

study of customer behavior. Consumer
psychology can help organizations identify
their target audiences, the driving factors
behind purchasing behaviors and how
consumers feel about a particular product or
service.

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8. Critical psychology

Critical psychology is the study of

the discipline itself. Critical
psychologists look at how
psychology evolves and seek to
identify any associated trends that
might benefit the field.

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9. Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology concentrates on the human lifespan

and the behaviors, languages and disabilities present at various
life stages. While some developmental psychologists may focus
on a specific life stage, such as childhood or adolescence,
others study the entire lifespan.
 10. Educational psychology

Educational psychology studies how humans

learn and use their findings to create
resources to improve the learning process.

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 11. Environmental psychology

Environmental psychology studies the

relationship between people and how they
live and interact with their surroundings.

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12. Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology is the study of how humans have

changed throughout time. More specifically, the discipline
focuses on how humans have adjusted their psychological
mindsets to account for the evolutionary process.
13. Forensic psychology

Forensic psychologists work closely

with law enforcement and other
agencies that may be part of the
criminal justice system.

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 14. Health psychology

Health psychology studies mental and

physical well-being and how the two interact
based on many factors, like behavior, biology
and social groups.

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15. Industrial-organizational psychology

Industrial-organizational psychology focuses on mental health in

the workplace. It's the study of employee motivation and how
organizations can increase team productivity, retain employees
and increase overall job satisfaction by using performance
measurement and reward systems.
 16. Military psychology

Military psychologists work to provide therapy

to servicemembers. They may also acclimate
soldiers to civilian life and help individuals in
the military handle stress.

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17. Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology studies the brain

and how it affects our behaviors and
psychological thoughts.

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 18. Personality psychology

Personality psychology studies an individual's

attributes and how they can affect their
behavior

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 19. Psychometric psychology

Psychometric psychology focuses on

developing psychological tests and assisting
in their administration to specific people or
groups

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20. Research psychology

Research psychology, also called experimental

psychology, involves studying memory, decision-making,
attention, learning, perception, sensation, or emotion.
21. School psychology

School psychologists work in educational

settings to assist students. They may
evaluate and treat issues related to social
settings, academics and behavior.

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 22. Social psychology

Social psychology studies groups and how

individual members influence each other. It
also involves understanding how those in
particular social situations behave and
analyzing topics like aggression, prejudice or
interpersonal attraction.

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 23. Sport psychology

Sport psychology focuses on helping athletes

enhance their performance, overcome
problems and achieve their goals. The field
emphasizes team-building, positive
communication, anxiety reduction and injury
recovery.

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24. Behavioral neuroscience

Behavioral neuroscience studies the most basic anatomical and

physiological aspects of the nervous system. Examples of the
field's focus include the structure and functions of brain cells.
25. Rehabilitation psychology

Rehabilitation psychology helps people

with disabilities and chronic health issues.

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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGE
OF PSYCHOLOGY?

Studying psychology equips students to use their

knowledge of human behaviour in their daily
lives. Developing excellent research and analytical skills,
the ability to be a better communicator and to master the
art of conflict resolution are just some of the additional
benefits of studying psychology.