Group 8 Lesson 11 Presentation

THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCKS
GROUP 8
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. CONCRETE
A. WHAT IS CONCRETE?
B. WHAT ARE CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS?
i. CONCRETE BLOCKS
ii. THE IMPORTANCE OF STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS IN CMUs
iii. STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR NON-LOAD BEARING CMUs
iv. STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR LOAD-BEARING CMUs
C. WHAT IS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH?
2. MASONRY
A. WHAT IS MASONRY?
3. CONCRETE BLOCKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTRUCTION
A. TYPES OF MASONRY
B. TYPES OF CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
1. CONCRETE
1-A. WHAT IS CONCRETE?
• Concrete is the most used construction material in the world and the
second most used material by humankind, second just to water.
• is widely used in construction of most of the civil engineering structures,
including residential houses, high-rise buildings, industrial buildings,
bridges, roads, and dams.
• Due to its very high compressive strength, concrete is used widely as a
construction material.
• The sheer volume of concrete used in the construction industry makes it
one of the most important civil engineering materials.
1-B. WHAT ARE CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS?
• Concrete masonry units (CMUs) are made of a relatively dry mix of
Portland cement, aggregates, water, and, in some cases, admixtures.
• The important properties to consider when specifying concrete
masonry units are weight, compressive strength, water
absorption, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (Table
12.1).
1-B-i. CONCRETE BLOCKS
• There are several types of concrete masonry units such as modular
size blocks, concrete bricks, slump blocks, and lastly, concrete
blocks which will be today’s focus.
• A wide variety of types of standard concrete blocks are available,
many designed for special uses.
• They are produced in three major groups: solid load-bearing,
hollow load-bearing, and non-load-bearing units.
1-B-ii. THE IMPORTANCE OF STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
IN CMUs
• Since concrete masonry blocks are virtually used in every type of
construction, they are manufactured to conform certain standards.
• These standards help to codify best practices, methods and
technical requirements to create a safe and sustainable built
environment for the community.
1-B-iii. STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR NON-
LOAD BEARING (CMUs)
• Cementitious materials to use in reference to ASTM C129
– Portland Cement
– Blended Hydraulic Cements
– Hydraulic Cement
– Hydrated Lime, Type S
– Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
– Pozzolans
• Aggregates to use in reference to ASTM C129
– Normal Weight Aggregates
– Lightweight Aggregates
LOAD BEARING (CMUs)
• Density classifications to conform to in reference to ASTM C129:
• Dimensions and Permissible Variations in reference to ASTM C129:

1. Minimum face shell thickness shall be not less than 1⁄2 in. (13
mm).
2. No overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by
more than 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standard
dimensions.
LOAD BEARING (CMUs)
• Physical requirements to conform to in reference to ASTM 129:
1-B-iv. STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR LOAD-
BEARING CMUs
• Cementitious materials to use in reference to ASTM C90
– Portland Cement
– Modified Portland Cement
– Blended Hydraulic Cements
– Hydraulic Cement
– Pozzolans
– Blast Furnace Slag Cement
• Aggregates to use in reference to ASTM C90
– Normal Weight Aggregates
– Lightweight Aggregates
BEARING CMUs
BEARING CMUs
I-C. WHAT IS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH?
• Compressive strength () is the ability of concrete to resist
compressive stress and is measured in MPa (in SI units).
• Compressive strength is one of the most important properties of
hardened concrete and is often used to define the quality of
concrete.
• For normal-strength concrete, the compressive strength may range
from 20 to 60 MPa (2.9 to 8.7 ksi).
• High-strength concrete with compressive strength greater than 100
MPa (14.5 ksi) is often used for construction of large structures like
high-rise buildings, and long-span bridges.
2. MASONRY
2-A. WHAT IS MASONRY?
• Masonry consists of building structures from single concrete
masonry units that are laid and bound together with mortar.
– masonry units are relatively weak and rely on mortar to join
them together into strong structural assemblies.
3. TYPES OF CONCRETE
BLOCKS AND MASONRY IN
CONSTRUCTION
3-A. TYPES OF MASONRY
Veneer masonry
is a construction material used on the exterior walls of homes

and commercial buildings. It is comprised of thin pieces of brick
or stone, and gives the appearance of solid masonry without the
associated weight and cost.
Dry set masonry
is a construction material used on the exterior walls of homes

and commercial buildings. It is comprised of thin pieces of brick
or stone, and gives the appearance of solid masonry without the
associated weight and cost.
Solid masonry
- is the good old-fashioned brick
construction that was quite common
up until the mid-1900s. This is also
known as ‘double brick,’ ‘solid
brick,’ or ‘brick and block’
construction. This form of masonry
construction uses several layers
(wythes) of brick with header bricks
to hold them together.
Brick masonry
is a structural technique in which the bricks are laid out in a

systematic pattern and the joints are filled with mortar to make a
solid structure.
3-B. TYPES OF CONCRETE BLOCKS
Concrete stretcher blocks
smaller than standard hollow concrete blocks. They have a flat

length and specially shaped ends that are used to connect the
corner in masonry work.
Concrete corner blocks
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Corner concrete blocks have flat lengths, one flat end and one
specially shaped end. The specially shaped end locks with the
stretcher block and the flat end creates the corner.
Concrete pillar blocks
This block is used when both ends of a corner are visible, as in

the case of pillars or piers.
Jamb concrete blocks
are specially shaped to accommodate large openings for double

hung windows. They’re connected to stretcher or corner blocks.
Partition concrete block
are long, thin blocks with standard-size lengths, but short ends.
They can have two or three holes and are used to create
partitions.
Lintel blocks
looks like solid, rectangular block with a deep, u-shaped groove

cut along the length of the block. These blocks make space for
beams or door lintels and help with load bearing.
Frogged Brick Blocks
The top surface of this sort of block has a frog section and a
header and stretcher. Frog aids in the retention of mortar and
forming a strong bond with another brick.
Bullnose concrete block
Bullnose concrete blocks are like corner blocks in function, but

the visible end is rounded for a different aesthetic effect.
THANK YOU!
MEMBERS:
Joshua James Dungca
Ian Armani Gutierrez
Karl Hoffman
John Rafael Pedronan
Aaron Arjay Pineda

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THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE HOLLOW

• Dimensions and Permissible Variations in reference to ASTM C129:

is a construction material used on the exterior walls of homes

is a construction material used on the exterior walls of homes

is a structural technique in which the bricks are laid out in a

smaller than standard hollow concrete blocks. They have a flat

This block is used when both ends of a corner are visible, as in

are specially shaped to accommodate large openings for double

looks like solid, rectangular block with a deep, u-shaped groove

Bullnose concrete blocks are like corner blocks in function, but

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