Group 6 Ethics
Group 6 Ethics
Group 6 Ethics
EASTERN ETHICS
JEFF ANGELO GALING
BLYNE ERENA COMILANG
NELCY JATULAN
Oriental or Eastern Ethics Eastern Ethics are the ways and ethics from
East and South East Asia. It entails inner values with conern to others as the
foundation of morality which motivates the individual to be ethical.
Oriental or eastern ethics has six important sub topics focusing on the
ethical teachings of hinduism, buddhism, taoism, confucianism, zen buddhism
and islam.
Hinduism is a religion that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Purists
refer to it more as Sanātana Dharma (the eternal path/law) rather than a
religion, as it is believed to be a virtuous way of life. It is the oldest practised
religion in the world and has the third largest following after Christianity and
Islam
Oriental or Eastern Ethics Eastern Ethics are the ways and ethics from
East and South East Asia. It entails inner values with concern to others as the
foundation of morality which motivates the individual to be ethical.
Oriental or eastern ethics has six important sub topics focusing on the
ethical teachings of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Zen
Buddhism and Islam.
Buddhism is one of the world's largest religions and originated 2,500 years
ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that
meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to
achieve enlightenment, or nirvana
Ethical teachings in Confucianism is headed by Confucius then continued
by his followers after his death. This focuses on moral transformation of an
individual and society as a solution to the chaos during his time. It was believed
that the character of an individual affects the world.
Ethical teachings in Taoism teaches how to live in harmony with the world. It
emphasizes not to force or go against the nature as it may only worsen the
situation. Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism and his book Tao Te Ching served
as the most important book and guide of Taoism.
Zen Buddhism is a practice of meditation that focuses on the well being of
the mind. It is art of seeing into the nature of one’s own being and it points
away from bondage to freedom. It Zen is a mixture of Buddhism and Taoism
developed in 7th but was not firmly established until the 12th century ChinaThe
main goal of zen is studying oneself. Studying ourselves means penetrating
the interrogation “what’s this?” what is this thing we call ‘being’ the “exist”, this
we call “ego”, body, mind, perception, desire?. Zen practice is not about solving
the problems of ego self, but realizing the sense in which there is no ego self.
Those who follow and practice the faith of Islam is called a Muslim. Islam
started in mecca, now in saudi arabia, iran, pakistan, turkiye and other part of
the world.Islam or Muslim people are believers of ‘Allah’. They believed that
Muhammad is the last messenger and the greatest prophet sent by God.
Muslims has reverence and observance of the laws of “Quran” which serves as
their guidance for morality
ETHICAL
TEACHINGS
IN HINDUISM
INTRODUCTION TO HINDUISM
Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars,
with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years.
Hindus believe that their religion helps you free your soul
from the sadness, disappointments, and mistakes of
everyday life.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
Sacred Texts of Hindu Major Concepts of
Hinduism
03 04
Goals of Human Life Ethical Teachings
01
Sacred Texts
of Hinduism
HINDU SACRED TEXTS
Vedic Hinduism Classical Hinduism
1200 BCE- 200 CE 200 CE - Present
Samsara (Reincarnation)
a continuous cycle in which the soul is
reborn over and over again.
the endless cycle of death and rebirth
MAJOR CONCEPTS OF HINDUISM
Karma (Actions)
the system by which one’s past
beneficial actions determine future
beneficial effects, and one’s harmful
actions create future harmful effects.
MAJOR CONCEPTS OF HINDUISM
Moksha (Liberation)
release or freedom from the Samsara or
the end of death and rebirth cycle
Sanskrit word muc (“to free”)
If you are already released from the
cycle of Samsara, then you attain
Moksha.
MAJOR CONCEPTS OF HINDUISM
Dharma
In Hinduism, it means ‘duty’, ‘virtue’, and
‘righteousness’
Artha
Sanskrit: “wealth” or “property”
Without prosperity and security in society or at
the individual level, both moral life and
sensuality become difficult.
GOALS OF HUMAN LIFE
Kama
Sanskrit: “love”, “desire”, “pleasure”
Hindus aim to achieve pleasure in many ways,
including sporting activities and cultural
interests; it is also derived from sexual desire.
GOALS OF HUMAN LIFE
Moksha
Sanskrit: “freedom” or “release”
The fourth legitimate desire, it is the freedom
from the love and attachment prompted by the
finite view of life.
04
Ethical
Teachings
The Major
Hindu
Teachings
MAJOR HINDU TEACHINGS
There’s a beautiful saying in the Upanishad that says, “The Atman are
like rivers, and Brahman is like the ocean, so all rivers rise from the
ocean become rivers and only to return to the ocean again.”
MAJOR HINDU TEACHINGS
How does one attain Moksha?
According to the Bhagavad-Gita, there are few different ways to attain
Moksha:
1) Dedicating their life to meditation and
other esoteric practices like yoga.
MAJOR HINDU TEACHINGS
2) Through acts of religious devotion, and
1. Student
2. Householder
3. Forest Dweller
4. Sannyasin - “World Renouncer”
MAJOR HINDU TEACHINGS
That which helps you in your spiritual evolution is right, and that
which obstructs and hinders your spiritual evolution is wrong. That
which leads to unity of self is right and that which leads to
separation is wrong.
By doing wrong actions, you taint your character. By doing virtuous
actions, you develop a noble character.
Staying on the Moral
Path
THE 10 YAMAS – RESTRAINTS OR PROPER
CONDUCT
1. Ahimsa or Non-injury- Practice non-injury, not harming others by
thought, word or deed, even in your dreams.
2. Satya or Truthfulness- Speak only that which is true, kind, helpful,
and necessary.
3. Asteya or Non-stealing- Uphold the virtue of non-stealing, neither
stealing, nor coveting nor failing to repay debt.
4. Brahmacharya or Sexual Purity- Don’t waste the sacred force by
promiscuity in thought, word or deed. Seek holy company.
5. Kshama or Patience- Exercise patience, restraining intolerance with
people and impatience with circumstances.
6. Dhriti or Steadfastness- Foster steadfastness, overcoming non-perseverance, fear,
and indecision. Be firm in your decisions.
7. Daya or Compassion- Practice compassion, conquering cruel and insensitive
feelings towards all beings. Be kind to people, animals, plants and the Earth itself.
8. Arjava or Honesty- Maintaining honesty, renouncing deception and wrong doing.
Act honorably even in hard times. Obey the laws of your nation and locale.
9. Mitahara or Moderate Diet- Be moderate in appetite, neither eating too much nor
consuming too less, eat at regular times, only when hungry, at a moderate pace, in a
disturbed atmosphere or when upset.
10. Saucha or Purity- Uphold the ethic of purity, avoiding impurity in mind, body,
and speech.
THE 10 NIYAMAS – OBSERVANCES OR
PRACTICES
1. Hri or Modesty- Allow yourself the expression of remorse, being modest and
showing shame for misdeeds.
2. Santosha or Contentment- Live in constant gratitude for your health, your
friends and your belongings.
3. Dana or Charity- Be generous to a fault, giving liberally without thinking of
reward.
4. Astikya or Faith- Cultivate an unshakable faith. Trust in the words of the
masters, the scriptures and traditions.
5. Ishvarapujana or Worship of the Lord- Cultivate devotion through daily worship
and meditation
6. Siddhanta Saravana or Scriptural Listening- Eagerly hear the
scriptures, study the teachings and listen to the wise of your lineage.
7. Mati or Cognition- Strive for knowledge of God, to awaken the light
within.
8. Vrata or Sacred Vows- Embrace religious vows, rules and observances
and never waver in fulfilling them.
9. Japa or Incantation- Chant your holy mantra daily, reciting the sacred
sound, word or phrase given by your guru.
10. Tapas or Austerity- Practice austerity, serious disciplines, penance and
sacrifice. Perform self-denial, giving up cherished possessions, money or
time.
ETHICAL
TEACHINGS
ON
BUDDHISM
Buddhism, is a religion and philosophy that developed
from the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit: “Awakened
One”), a teacher who lived in northern India between
the mid- 6th and mid- 4th centuries BCE.
The Dhamma (in Sanskrit – ‘dharma’) of the Buddha that is the truth by the
Buddha is revered by the Buddhists as a source of wisdom and guidance.
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
The development of the Buddhist teachings can be traced to the
life of its founder, Siddhartha Gautama Buddha.
● Confucius followers compiled his teachings into The Analects, which lay
out Confucius' ethical system although he claims that he is merely a
transmitter, promoting what's essentially ancient Chinese wisdom.
● Confucius employed the term chün tzu, noble person, as a model of his
concept in moral transformation which then shifted into the sage with the
knowledge that all could be a safe through education and self-cultivation
The Five Classics
● I Ching or Classic of Change or Book of Changes - entails the
acceptance of change and willingness to act appropriately.
● Classic of Poetry or Book of Songs - shows the poetic vision in the belief
that poetry and music convey common feelings and responsiveness.
● Book of Documents or Book of History - compilation of speeches of
major figures and records of events in ancient times embodies the political
vision
● Book of Rites - describes the form, administration, and ceremonial rites of
the Zhou Dynasty
● Spring and Autumn Annals - emphasize the significance of collective
memory
Five Constant Virtues
● Means Filial Piety, a virtue of respect for one’s parents and ancestors
through serving and being good to them.
Nelcy Jatulan
Introduction
● This philosophy that comes from Ancient China around 4th or 5th BCE ,
teaches how to live in harmony with the world.
● Taoism comes from the word “Tao” which has a distinctive metaphysical
meaning. It literally means “the way”.
● Lao Tzu, means “Old Master”, is a chinese ancient philosopher regarded as
the founder of Taoism despite his existence being disputed.
● The Tao Te Ching is the most important book of Taoism containing the
teachings attributed to Lao Tzu.
Tao and Te
-Agartha
ETHICAL TEACHINGS IN
ISLAM
Its etymological meaning is derived from
“Salam”, which means peace and
surrender in Arabic. It literally means ‘the
perfect peace out of total surrender to
Allah (God).
The Islamic ethics is that if God has given
you the capacity or good fortune to be a
privileged individual in the society, you
have moral responsibility to society
( Aga khan IV).
Those who follow and practice the faith
of Islam is called a Muslim. Islam is not
synonymous to Muhammedanism. Islam
is also not a synthesis or union of
Judaism and Christianity
Ethical teachings are different in every other religion, places, and people. But, one thing
is common among them. It is all for the sake of goodness and for the moral values of
individuals. Zen Buddhism lacks in physical practice because it only rely on the mind of its
practitioner, but it is abundant in terms of spiritual, and mental aspect. discipline Is
spontaneity, and spontaneity is discipline. Zen is a practice that this generation really need.
We are being overwhelmed with all the voices outside, that We forgot to focus and learn to
see what is inside of us. We need to value our existence rather than being jealous to others.
Islam or Muslim people discipline themselves by following injunctions and
commandments. It is visible that they are wholeheartedly engage in the teachings of their
Quran and obeys their practices. Respect and humulity is shown in ethical teachings.
Above all, enhancing the internal virtue or moral transformation through education
and practice is the key to ideal world as the character of an individual affects the world.
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